Playwright安装加一个简单的实例

        （1）安装Playwright依赖库（Playwright支持Async\Await语法，故需要Python3.7+）

pip install playwright

       （2）安装Chromium、Firefox、WebKit等浏览器的驱动文件（内置浏览器）

python -m playwright install

      （3）录屏，自动生成代码

python -m playwright codegen


起始页为xingzheai.cn开始录制
python -m playwright codegen https://xingzheai.cn/


打开xingzheai.cn，用Chromium驱动，将结果保存为my.py的python文件
python -m playwright codegen --target python -o 'my.py' -b chromium https://xingzheai.cn/

-target：规定生成脚本的语言，有JS和Python两种，默认为Python
-b：指定浏览器驱动
-o：将录制的脚本保存到一个文件

（4）常见的定位方法

#使用data-test-id：
page.click("data-test-id=login")

#CSS 和 XPath
page.click('div')
page.click('//html/body/div')
# 明确指定类型
page.click('css=div')
page.click('xpath=//html/body/div')
# 点击#free-month-promo元素内文本为“Sign Up”的元素
page.click('#free-month-promo >> text=Sign Up')
page.fill('css=[placeholder="Search GitHub"]')
page.fill('[placeholder="Search GitHub"]') # 简写

#通过文本子字符串查找
page.click('text="Login"')
page.click('"Login"'); # 简写

#获取某元素内的所有文本
print(page.evalOnSelector('.headerLogo', """e => e.textContent"""))
print(page.querySelector('.headerLogo').textContent())

#CSS 扩展 : visible
# 点击第一个button
page.click('button')
# 点击第一个可视的button，如果有其他不可视的，则会忽略他们
page.click('button:visible')

（5）截屏

 page.screenshot(path=f'example-{browser_type.name}.png')

（6）同一个浏览器启动多个page，可以模拟多页面的场景

from playwright import sync_playwright

with sync_playwright() as p:
    browser_type = p.chromium
    browser = browser_type.launch(headless=False)
    context = browser.newContext()
    page1 = context.newPage()
    page1.goto('https://mail.163.com/')
    page1.screenshot(path=f'page1-{browser_type.name}.png')
    page2 = context.newPage()
    page2.goto("https://www.baidu.com/")
    page2.screenshot(path=f'page2-{browser_type.name}.png')
    context.close()
    browser.close()

（7）处理frame，查找frame有三种方法：

from playwright import sync_playwright

with sync_playwright() as p:
    browser_type = p.chromium
    browser = browser_type.launch(headless=False)
    page = browser.newPage()
    page.goto('https://mail.163.com/')
    # 通过selector、name、URL
    login_frame = page.querySelector("[id^='x-URS-iframe']").contentFrame()
    # login_frame = page.querySelector("#loginDiv>iframe").contentFrame()
    # login_frame2 = page.frame("name").contentFrame()
    # login_frame3 = page.frame("URL").contentFrame()
    # 查看所有的frames
    print(page.frames)
    login_frame.fill("input[name='email']", "test123")
    login_frame.fill("input[name='password']", "1234")
    login_frame.click("#dologin")
    page.screenshot(path=f'example-{browser_type.name}.png')
    browser.close()

实践实例：

from playwright.sync_api import Playwright, sync_playwright, expect


def run(playwright: Playwright) -> None:
    #启动一个驱动
    browser = playwright.chromium.launch(headless=False)
    context = browser.new_context()
    # Open new page打开一个新的页面
    page = context.new_page()
    # Go to https://www.baidu.com/$#打开一个网站
    page.goto("https://www.baidu.com/")
    # Click input[name="wd"]
    page.fill('//*[@id="kw"]',"快乐")
    page.click('//*[@id="su"]')
    # Click text=快乐(汉语词语) - 百度百科
    with page.expect_popup() as popup_info:
        page.locator("text=快乐(汉语词语) - 百度百科").click()
    # Close page
    page1.close()

    # Close page
    page.close()

    # ---------------------
    context.close()
    browser.close()


with sync_playwright() as playwright:
    run(playwright)

异步的案例

异步执行，示例如下：
#同时进行三个浏览器操作
import asyncio
from playwright import async_playwright
async def main():
 async with async_playwright() as p:
     for browser_type in [p.chromium, p.firefox, p.webkit]:
          browser = await browser_type.launch()
         page = await browser.newPage()
         await page.goto('https://xingzheai.cn/')
          await page.waitForSelector("text=智能内容审核")
          await page.screenshot(path=f'example-{browser_type.name}.png')
          await browser.close()
         asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(main())