Hard Disk Partitioning and Permanent Mounts

MBR partition

What is a hard disk: A computer hard disk is the main storage device of a computer.

The role of partitions

• Main partition: can be used directly, can be installed system
• Extended partition: cannot be used directly, it must be divided into logical partitions
• Logical partition: Relying on the extended partition, the space in the extended partition (with the operating system installed) is used

mbr partition:

Only partition the hard disk below 2T
A sector has 512 bytes, the first 446 bytes are the boot program

1. Primary partition: serial number is 1-4
2. Logical partition: sequence number starts from 5
3. Extended partition: must be the primary partition
4. The primary partition is not necessarily an extended partition
5. The logical partition must not be the primary partition

gpt partition

It can have 128 partition tables and can partition hard disks above 2T

fdisk

Create a normal partition

Usage (fdisk disk name)

mkfs.xfs partition name (create filesystem)

mount: mount partition name folder name

Create a logical partition

Usage (fdisk hard drive name)

mkfs.xfs partition name (create filesystem)

mount: mount partition name folder name

Create a special partition (swap partition)

Usage (fdisk hard drive name)

mount: mount partition name folder name

Create a special partition swap
The partition type must be changed to 82 (swap partition)
t: Change the partition type

Permanent mount

[[email protected] ~]#vim /etc/fstab

[[email protected] ~]#mount -a

Mounting rules
1. A mount point can only mount one device at a time
2. A mount point mounts multiple devices at the same time, only the data of the last device can be seen, the data on other devices will be hidden
3. A device can be mounted to multiple mount points at the same time
4. Usually the mount point is usually an existing empty directory
If a user is mountingThe mount directory cannot be unmounted
I want to remount
mount -o remount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/
mount -o remount,ro /dev/sdb1 /mnt/
fuser -km /mnt/ ###Kill directly

MBR 446 before the master boot record 64 after the boot program Partition table 2 mark bit
1. Partition fidsk gdisk Primary partition extension logic
2. Create file system mkfs. File system type mkswap
3. Mountmount swapon

Repair file system:

dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb1 bs=512 count=1
dd copy
if copy from where what /dev/zero
ofIt is copied to /dev/sdb1
bs=512 once copied 512
count=1 copied once