前言

大家好~A very interesting thing to do today–通讯录.

通讯录需求分析

In order to realize the address book management system,为此,To ensure that the following functions are implemented：
能够存放1000个联系人的信息、Each person's information contains:名字、年龄、性别、电话、地址、除此之外,还是实现：增加人的信息、删除人的信息、修改指定人的信息、查找指定人的信息、Empty the contact information、显示联系人的信息、排序通讯录的信息.

功能介绍

1.增加联系人信息
2.删除联系人信息
3.查找联系人信息
4.修改联系人信息
5.显示联系人信息
6.排序联系人信息
7.清空联系人信息

实现思路

静态版本的通讯录首先声明一个结构体类型（struct PeoInfo）用来描述一个人的联系人的各种信息;
然后再声明一个结构体类型（struct Contact）用来描述通讯录,成员使用数组开辟1000个联系人的内存空间实现通讯录,数组的类型为struct PeoInfo
最后就是对存放联系人信息数组的一系列访问操作,封装各个函数实现各部分功能！

代码实现

️test.c

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include"contact.h"

void menu()
{
    
	printf("*******************************\n");
	printf("***** 1.add 2.del *****\n");
	printf("***** 3.search 4.modify *****\n");
	printf("***** 5.sort 6.print *****\n");
	printf("***** 7.clear 0.exit *****\n");
	printf("*******************************\n");
}

enum Option
{
    
	EXIT,
	ADD,
	DEL,
	SEARCH,
	MODIFY,
	SORT,
	PRINT,
	CLEAR
};

int main()
{
    
	int input = 0;
	//创建通讯录,The structure type is defined in the header file,所以要引头文件,MAXDefinitions can be defined in the header file or in the source file,因为包含了头文件
	//But if the array and the number of array elementsszdefined as a structure,Go to the header file to define,need thereMAX,如果MAX在test.c中定义的话,contact.h中就会报错
	//既然这样,就直接把MAX定义在contact.h中去,即可.
	
	//PeoInfo data[MAX] = { 0 };//不完全初始化
	//How many elements are currently in the address book：
	//int sz = 0;

	//创建通讯录
	Contact con;
	//con就是通讯录,can also be initialized directly,But in order to better reflect the modularity,Just encapsulate a function to initialize the address book.
   //If you want to initialize part of it as0,You have to use a function to do it. 
   //初始化通讯录
	InitContact(&con);
	//When initializing the address book, it is necessary to modify the content in the address book,如果传值调用的话,Does not modify the content of the actual parameter,而且效率低,So call by address.

	do
	{
    
		menu();
		printf("请选择:>");
		scanf("%d", &input);
		switch (input)
		{
    
			case ADD:
				//增加联系人信息
				AddContact(&con);
				//Passing both the array and the number of elements in the array,会比较麻烦,Define both as a new structure
				break;
			case DEL:
				//删除联系人信息
				DelContact(&con);
				break;
			case SEARCH:
				//查找联系人信息
				SearchContact(&con);
				break;
			case MODIFY:
				//修改联系人信息
				ModifyContact(&con);
				break;
			case SORT:
				//排序联系人信息
				SortContact(&con);
				break;
			case PRINT:
				//Although only print information,Does not change the argument information,But considering the efficiency,Better to use call by reference,It is best to pass the address of the structure parameter.
				PrintContact(&con);
				break;
			case CLEAR:
				//清空所有联系人信息
				ClearContact(&con);
				break;
			case EXIT:
				printf("退出通讯录\n");
				break;
			default:
				printf("选择错误,请重新选择：>");
				break;
		}
	} while (input);
	//如果有同名的,Always operate on the first member with the name,Because the traversal is from front to back,The case of the same name is not considered here.
	return 0;
}

️contact.c

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include"contact.h"

//初始化通讯录
void InitContact(Contact* pc)
{
    
	assert(pc);
	//内存设置函数 — memset() - 内存设置
	(pc->sz) = 0;
	memset(pc->data, 0, sizeof(pc->data));
	//pc->data is equivalent to finding the entire array,The entire array can be represented using the array name,所以可以使用datato represent the entire array
	//即：pc->data === data ,,,The array name is missing in the first parameter&和sizeof,代表的是数组首元素的地址,第二个参数是把
	//Each byte is set to0,十进制的0,Converted to hexadecimal representation is0x 00,,pc->data === data,数组名单独放在
	//sizeof中,代表的是整个数组,计算的是整个数组的大小,Units are bytes and can also be written as：MAX * sizeof（Contact）
}

//增加联系人
void AddContact(Contact* pc) 
{
    
	assert(pc);
	if (pc->sz == MAX)
	{
    
		printf("通讯录已满、无法添加新的联系人\n");
		return; //返回类型是void,也可以写return,But can't take out the return value.
	}
	//The address book under,Can add new members,增加一个人的信息
	printf("请输入名字：>");
	scanf("%s", pc->data[pc->sz].name);
	printf("请输入年龄：>");
	scanf("%d", &(pc->data[pc->sz].age)); 
	printf("请输入性别：>");
	scanf("%s", pc->data[pc->sz].sex); 
	printf("请输入电话：>");
	scanf("%s", pc->data[pc->sz].tele); 
	printf("请输入地址：>");
	scanf("%s", pc->data[pc->sz].addr);
	pc->sz++;
	printf("增加联系人成功\n");
	//在这里,[ ]的优先级等于->,,但是,data和[ ]cannot be combined first.,因为,This is in a calling function,The part of the formal parameter accepts only pointer variablespc
	//也就是说,If the latter two are combined,The system doesn't knowdata是什么东西,So it's wrong to combine,即,即使[ ]的优先级等于->,But the latter two cannot
	//Combining will go wrong,And because of associativity from left to right, so,or letdata和->进行结合,即先进行pc->data的操作,So the entire array is found in the structure member variabledata
	//The entire array can be represented using the array name,Once you know the name of the array, you can access the elements of the array by subscripting.

}

//显示联系人信息
void PrintContact(const Contact* pc)
{
    
	assert(pc);
	//print out all information,即sz个人的信息.
	int i = 0;
	//打印标题
	printf("%-10s\t%-5s\t%-5s\t%-12s\t%-50s\n", "名字", "年龄", "性别", "电话", "地址");// \t === tab
	//打印数据
	for (i = 0; i < (pc->sz); i++)
	{
    
		printf("%-10s\t%-5d\t%-5s\t%-12s\t%-50s\n", pc->data[i].name,
			pc->data[i].age,
			pc->data[i].sex,
			pc->data[i].tele,
			pc->data[i].addr);
	}

	//通过pc->data[i]找到数组data中下标为i的元素,i.e. found a variable,Then tap to access the person's name etc.,,Since names are an array,find the entire array,整个
	//Arrays can also be represented using the array name,即：pc->data[i].name === name ,没有sizeof和&,代表数组首元素的地址,再通过%sprint string,except age is a variable,Everything else is an array,和name同理.

}


//because the function is just to satisfy the delete,查找,The need to modify the function,The functions corresponding to these three functions will be implemented in this .c implementation in the file,所以,对于这个函数
//只需要在该 .c Execute in the file,Do not expose to others,,所以,在前面加上static,it fixes the function only in the current .c Work within the file.
//static 修饰函数,Essentially changing the link property of the function.
static int Find_By_Name(const Contact* pc, char name[])//数组形式接收,If it is accepted in the form of an array, it will not be consideredconst的使用了.
{
    
	int i = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < pc->sz; i++)
	{
    
		if (strcmp(pc->data[i].name, name) == 0)//相等
	//The first parameter finds the entire array first,可以使用数组名来表示,不是特例,That is, the address of the first element of the array,The second parameter is also not a special case,也是数组首元素的地址.
		{
    
			return i;
		}
	}
	return -1;
}
//删除联系人信息
void DelContact(Contact* pc)
{
    
	assert(pc);
	char name[MAX_NAME] = {
     0 };
	if (pc->sz == 0)
	{
    
		printf("通讯录为空、Delete operation is no longer possible\n");
		return;
	}
	//delete someone's information
	printf("请输入要删除人员的姓名：>");
	scanf("%s", name);
	//1、查找要删除的人
	//Whether to delete or find or modify,You need to use this function to find,So take out this function separately and encapsulate a function;
	int pos = Find_By_Name(pc, name);//First-level pointer parameter and array name parameter
	//the person does not exist
	if (pos == -1)
	{
    
		printf("Want to delete the staff does not exist\n");
		return;
	}
	//2、the person exists,要进行删除,After deleting the person at the position of the array,The people behind the array move forward one position in turn.
	int i = 0;
	for (i = pos; i < (pc->sz - 1); i++)
	{
    
		pc->data[i] = pc->data[i + 1];
	}
	//pc->sz -= 1;
	pc->sz--;
	//If you want to delete the last,是删除不掉的,因为,如果10个元素,最后一个下标为9,判断条件是<9,,所以不进入循环,但是
	//After the loop there ispc->sz--,,less members1,When the personnel information is displayed again,Can't access the last person,,even if not deleted,can't access,
	//The final result is the same as deleting the last person.
	//假设MAX=3,把最后一个元素删除,is not essentially removed from the array,而是因为sz减1,Do not access the last element when printing,It looks the same as delete,现在由于
	//looks deleted,Essentially not deleted,What if new elements are added?？
	//因为删除完之后,The number of elements will be subtracted1,由原来的3变成了2,,when adding new elements,will directly put the content of the new element in the subscript as2的位置上,这样的话,even before the last element
	//did not delete,will also be overwritten by new elements,After adding, the number of elements is added1,Then print out the information after adding members,是对的.
	printf("Delete contacts successfully\n");
}

//查找联系人信息
void SearchContact(const Contact* pc)
{
    
	assert(pc);
	char name[MAX_NAME] = {
     0 };
	//Find someone's information
	printf("请输入要查找人员的姓名：>");
	scanf("%s", name);
	int pos = Find_By_Name(pc, name);
	//The person you are looking for does not exist
	if (pos == -1)
	{
    
		printf("The person you are looking for does not exist\n");
		return;
	}
	else
	{
    
		//2、the person exists,After finding out and printing out the member's information
		//打印标题
		printf("%-10s\t%-5s\t%-5s\t%-12s\t%-50s\n", "名字", "年龄", "性别", "电话", "地址");// \t === tab
		//打印数据
		printf("%-10s\t%-5d\t%-5s\t%-12s\t%-50s\n",
			pc->data[pos].name,
			pc->data[pos].age,
			pc->data[pos].sex,
			pc->data[pos].tele,
			pc->data[pos].addr);
	}
}

//修改指定联系人的信息
void ModifyContact(Contact* pc)
{
    
	assert(pc);
	char name[MAX_NAME] = {
     0 };
	//Edit someone's information
	printf("请输入要修改人员的姓名：>");
	scanf("%s", name);
	int pos = Find_By_Name(pc, name);
	//The person to be modified does not exist
	if (pos == -1)
	{
    
		printf("The person to be modified does not exist\n");
		return;
	}
	else
	{
    
		printf("Please enter the modified person's name：>");
		scanf("%s", pc->data[pos].name);
		printf("Please enter the age of the modified person：>");
		scanf("%d", &(pc->data[pos].age));
		printf("Please enter the gender of the modified person：>");
		scanf("%s", pc->data[pos].sex);
		printf("Please enter the modified person's address：>");
		scanf("%s", pc->data[pos].addr);
		printf("Please enter the phone number of the modified person：>");
		scanf("%s", pc->data[pos].tele);
		printf("Modify contact personnel information successfully\n");
	}
}


int cmp_Per_by_name(const void* e1, const void* e2)
{
    
	return strcmp(((PeoInfo*)e1)->name, ((PeoInfo*)e2)->name);
}


void SortContact(Contact* pc)
{
    
	assert(pc);
	qsort(pc->data, pc->sz, sizeof(PeoInfo), cmp_Per_by_name);
	PrintContact(pc);
}


void ClearContact(Contact* pc)
{
    
	assert(pc);
	InitContact(pc);
	printf("清空成功\n");
}

️contact.h

#pragma once


//类型的定义、to put in the address book1000个人的信息,
//Each person's information should include name、年龄、性别、电话、地址等,
//So define it as a struct,And the structure is to be used in both source files,
//So it's better to define it in the header file,In this way, you only need to include the header file and you can use it frequently.

//头文件的包含
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<assert.h>

//定义结构体类型
#define MAX_NAME 20
#define MAX_SEX 10
#define MAX_TELE 12
#define MAX_ADDR 30
#define MAX 1000

typedef struct PeoInfo
{
    
	//char name[20];
	//Write it directly as a fixed value and it will be dead.,Inconvenient for later modification,
	//所以使用#define 来定义一个常量,later direct change#define中的内容即可.
	char name[MAX_NAME];
	char sex[MAX_SEX];
	int age;
	char tele[MAX_TELE];
	char addr[MAX_ADDR];
}PeoInfo;//使用typedefRename the struct type to：PeoInfo


//结构体嵌套
//通讯录
typedef struct Contact//重命名
{
    
	PeoInfo data[MAX];//Store the information of the added contacts
	int sz;//记录当前通讯录中有效信息的个数
}Contact;

//初始化通讯录
void InitContact(Contact* pc);

//增加联系人
void AddContact(Contact* pc);

//打印信息
void PrintContact(const Contact* pc);

//删除联系人信息
void DelContact(Contact* pc);

//查找联系人信息
void SearchContact(const Contact* pc);

//修改指定联系人的信息
void ModifyContact(Contact* pc);

//排序联系人的信息
void SortContact(Contact* pc);

//Clear all contacts
void ClearContact(Contact* pc);

效果图：