当前位置：网站首页>One article to understand configuration management (CM)

One article to understand configuration management (CM)

2022-08-08 10:33:00 【InfoQ】

配置管理（Configuration Management）,Is a is used to establish and maintain the product performance、Functional and physical attributes,And demand、Design and operational information throughout the project life cycle to maintain consistent system.

配置管理是 ITIL（Information Technology Infrastructure Library）定义的一种 IT 服务管理（IT Service Management, ITSM）形式,

To ensure that system resources,计算机系统、Servers and other asset allocation is known、Good and reliable.

有时也被称为 IT 自动化.

Most of the configuration management by highly automated management purpose.通过使用自动化,Enterprises can effectively reduce the possibility of missing due to human error,And improve the accuracy of the assets will remain in the available.如果没有自动化,When engineers failed to update software could make the system CVE A list of known vulnerabilities,And a malicious attacker will use this vulnerability to blackmail software installation or other malware, etc.

The value of automation is greatly improve the efficiency of management,Make large system configuration becomes easier to manage.Configuration management is suitable for various system,Most companies tend to focus on the following aspects：

服务器

Databases and other storage system

操作系统

网络

应用程序

软件

Why it is important to configuration management？

In science and technology and with rapid development of information era,Technology drives the enterprise.If the company performs sales SaaS（Software-as-a-Service）,The technology is the product.Most companies are through technology to realize the process automation system.因此,System configuration is very important for enterprise.Configuration is the system（包括服务器、网络、操作系统、数据中心、配置文件、ITAssets and other configuration）正常运行的关键.

Open any software Settings menu,You begin to configure management.When making this work,Need to carefully manage and track the configuration changes to ensure that the changes of traceability,Otherwise business and end users may be limited by system interruption and data leak.

In order to reduce the network security risk and improve operation,Many companies will use a configuration management database（Configuration Management Database, CMDB）、Configuration management plan and configuration manager to ensure successful configuration management.

Accurate records the system state is important,At the same time set properties baseline can ensure the configuration change control process effectively,有助于项目管理、资产管理、The audit process management and software development and debugging.

The benefits of configuration management for the enterprise has a：

Through to the system changes visible and track,Reduce the risk of downtime and security holes.

Through the details about the configuration of all content,To avoid repeating and waste technology assets.

Through the rapid detection and correction may cause negative effects on the performance of the improper configuration,Improve customer and internal employees experience.

By defining and implementing management asset recognition、Condition monitoring and auditing of formal policies and procedures to strictly control the process of enterprise.

Higher agility and faster problem solving,To enable enterprises to provide a higher quality of service and decrease the cost of software engineering.

Through understanding the baseline configuration and design of enterprise change the visibility of the,To effectively change management.

Service recovery faster.在中断时,Companies will be able to quickly recover,For the corresponding configuration has been recorded and automation.

What happens if no configuration management？

Enterprises can not configuration management to reduce or avoid the related cost,当然,Companies also need to face the following problems：

当需求变化时,By manual operation to manually adjust system components,（Sometimes may spent months！）

Due to the project needs change but not to convey changes to all parties,Cause the failure of the project.

Use the new version of defective replacement system components lead to a fall in production,Unable to quickly recover to work.

Unable to pinpoint what component is affected by the change,Error modify system components will lead to unexpected interruption.

Configuration management case analyses

1. 问题概述

软件“故障”In the New York stock exchange（NYSE）在近90Minutes to handle stock trading.

2. 影响

On the New York stock exchange trading floor outside the financial markets have also been affected.As investors in the absence of the New York stock exchange data cannot be computed market index,So the American stock exchange and some also stopped trading futures and options market.As investors in the absence of the New York stock exchange trading information to do business,The nasdaq stock market trading also slowed.

3. 原因

The new software installation causing the problems.The New York stock exchange in the 20 个交易终端中的 8 The software is installed on a,In the system online and tested the night before.In the trading day on the same day,Software failure,The New York stock exchange failed to switch to the old software before the start of the trading session,共有 8 Normal operation of device failure to.

4. 事件总结

Although the problem didn't appear until the early morning,But the New York stock exchange has a strong configuration management processes and tools,Can quickly find problems and to recover.In addition to the New York stock exchange trading break,Impact and damage has been reduced to a minimum.If the interruption lasts for more than 90 分钟,后果将更加严重.

The cost of the configuration management

当然,Configuration management is a cost.First enterprise need a configuration management system.微软或 IBM Such companies have ready-made configuration management solution to sell,Usually these configuration management tools according to the“节点”收费,The price depends on the kind of node（服务器、数据库、网络设备、移动设备、存储、Virtual instance, etc）.

The other part of the configuration management costs from the artificial,Including set up the configuration management processes and tools of skills employees（A firm's internal no corresponding technical staff,You will need to hire outsourcing employees）.此外,The enterprise also to existing staff training,In order to continue in the configuration management process are integrated into the business.

Configuration management of the return on investment

Found in the use of configuration management helps to obtain positive ROI The results of some financial benefits include：

IT Employee productivity.
通过自动化,优化 IT 员工活动,For business save valuable staff resources.

User productivity.
To reduce system interrupt、网络攻击、Security invasion and change the downtime and configuration activities lead to.

IT 成本降低.
IT Operation optimization to reduce the cost of multiple areas,包括基础设施、Outsourcing services and management software.

持续交付 IT 服务.
To ensure reliable software can release.

Companies can also refer to the following cost information to calculate configuration management ROI：

Configuration management system monitoring equipment/The number of nodes generated by the cost.

系统/Network engineers the labor cost of manual processing configuration management process（约35 美元/小时）.

In the absence of the backup configuration system interruption cost produced by.

The system application batch configuration updates,Or a new deployment cost.

When companies must comply with the configuration audit requirements or through technology generated when the cost of risk assessment.

Configuration management best practices

配置管理、Data management and control risk,Including the system interruption to the application of low availability,As well as data loss or damage to the. In order to ensure the high availability of enterprise assets and configuration in the best way,请参考以下最佳实践：

1. 变更追踪

‍Track changes related to system configuration and configuration management,Please consider using the change set rather than a single file to submit.This allows administrators to see which documents as the significant changes of assets and change,To back when necessary or unnecessary changes back to the early configuration.

2. 尽早测试

Through the test as soon as possible,The discovery of the error in the configuration management or potential risks.

3. 性能测试

通过性能测试,让 DevOps Team understand how their latest changes will affect performance and system function.‍

4. As soon as possible and integrate many times

除了性能测试之外,Should also be early and often to integrate,To ensure that the new features or change the good cooperation with the rest of the enterprise environment.This will help enterprise found problem before problems and avoid the corresponding loss.

5. Avoid fixing code problem

Try to avoid fixing code problem（In addition to the already defined in the configuration management repository code problem）.If there is no defined in the repository problem,The future of reviewers will don't know what to fix the,And repair is valid,Which may lead to a conflict of code or other bug.

配置监控

Covers the configuration monitoring system design、硬件、固件、Modify the software and documentation process monitoring,Including a review of all change requests and change proposal,And whether the approval.

Suggested that the enterprises according to their own situation to build a set of optimal configuration management practices.This will be an ongoing work,In order to better fit the requirements of enterprise,This practice needs over time and modify and improve.

原网站

版权声明
本文为[InfoQ]所创，转载请带上原文链接，感谢
https://yzsam.com/2022/220/202208081028472943.html