【教程】莉沫酱教你学继承!?

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【教程】莉沫酱教你学继承!

众所周知,类的继承就是说当一个类死亡的时候,它的子类会获得它拥有的资源。

根据类的继承法不同,各个子类能获得的资源也不同。

继承法的类型

在解释继承法之前,我们先定义三个类,一个父类A,和它的子类BC

它们都拥有xyz三个属性。

class A:
    x = 100
    y = 200
    z = 300
class B(A):
    x = y = z = 9
class C(A):
    x = y = z = 0

长子继承制

假如父类A采用了长子继承制,那么在继承中,所有资源都会被交给其最年长的子类,其他子类什么也得不到。

@长子继承制
class A:
    x = 100
    y = 200
    z = 300

在使用了长子继承制之后,我们杀掉父类,看看子类的资源有什么变化——

print(f'{A.x=}, {A.y=}, {A.z=}')
print(f'{B.x=}, {B.y=}, {B.z=}')
print(f'{C.x=}, {C.y=}, {C.z=}')
print('====继承====')
A.__del__()
print(f'{B.x=}, {B.y=}, {B.z=}')
print(f'{C.x=}, {C.y=}, {C.z=}')

可以看到,这个时候父类的所有属性都被第一个子类——也就是B——继承了。

A.x=100, A.y=200, A.z=300
B.x=9, B.y=9, B.z=9
C.x=0, C.y=0, C.z=0
====继承====
B.x=100, B.y=200, B.z=300
C.x=0, C.y=0, C.z=0

分割继承制

但是在软件开发的早期,我们无法import 长子继承制,因此我们得考虑一些其他的继承法,比如分割继承制

分割继承制中,父类的所有资源都会被划分给其子类。

@分割继承制
class A:
    x = 100
    y = 200
    z = 300

在继承之后,子类B获得了属性xz,而子类C获得了属性y

A.x=100, A.y=200, A.z=300
B.x=9, B.y=9, B.z=9
C.x=0, C.y=0, C.z=0
====继承====
B.x=100, B.y=9, B.z=300
C.x=0, C.y=200, C.z=0

斯堪的纳维亚选举制

斯堪的纳维亚选举制是北欧的维京程序员喜欢的继承法。

在这种制度下,程序中所有没有被回收的类都可以在该类的亲戚中提名一位继承人,最终由投票得分最高的类继承所有资源。

@斯堪的纳维亚选举制
class A:
    x = 100
    y = 200
    z = 300

在类A死亡时,所有的类都会在类B和类C中投票。尽管在这个例子里BC都是A的子类,实际上其他类也能投给A的兄弟等能DFS到的类。

通常,其他类会倾向于投给名字和自己长得比较像的类,一次典型的选举过程如下:

====继承====
_OrderedDictKeysView 投给 C
_OrderedDictItemsView 投给 C
_OrderedDictValuesView 投给 C
_Link 投给 C
Counter 投给 C
ChainMap 投给 C
UserDict 投给 C
UserList 投给 C
UserString 投给 C
partialmethod 投给 C
CacheInfo 投给 C
_HashedSeq 投给 B
singledispatchmethod 投给 C
cached_property 投给 B
AbstractContextManager 投给 C
AbstractAsyncContextManager 投给 C
ContextDecorator 投给 C

...

C: 142票
B: 133票
B.x=9, B.y=9, B.z=9
C.x=100, C.y=200, C.z=300

最终类C在选举中胜出,并继承了其父类A的所有属性。

使用方法

首先你需要1个3.6以上版本的Python,然后使用pip安装——

pip install git+https://github.com/RimoChan/inherit.git

然后你就可以在你的代码里使用继承法了,耶!

from 继承法 import 长子继承制, 分割继承制, 斯堪的纳维亚选举制

赞助

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就这样,大家88。

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