Scrapy uses Request and Response objects for crawling web sites.

Overview

Requests and Responses¶

Scrapy uses Request and Response objects for crawling web sites.

Typically, Request objects are generated in the spiders and pass across the system until they reach the Downloader, which executes the request and returns a Response object which travels back to the spider that issued the request.

Both Request and Response classes have subclasses which add functionality not required in the base classes. These are described below in Request subclasses and Response subclasses.

Request objects¶

classscrapy.http.Request(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶ A Request object represents an HTTP request, which is usually generated in the Spider and executed by the Downloader, and thus generating a Response.

Parameters url (str) –

the URL of this request

If the URL is invalid, a ValueError exception is raised.

callback (collections.abc.Callable) – the function that will be called with the response of this request (once it’s downloaded) as its first parameter. For more information see Passing additional data to callback functions below. If a Request doesn’t specify a callback, the spider’s parse() method will be used. Note that if exceptions are raised during processing, errback is called instead.

method (str) – the HTTP method of this request. Defaults to 'GET'.

meta (dict) – the initial values for the Request.meta attribute. If given, the dict passed in this parameter will be shallow copied.

body (bytes or str) – the request body. If a string is passed, then it’s encoded as bytes using the encoding passed (which defaults to utf-8). If body is not given, an empty bytes object is stored. Regardless of the type of this argument, the final value stored will be a bytes object (never a string or None).

headers (dict) –

the headers of this request. The dict values can be strings (for single valued headers) or lists (for multi-valued headers). If None is passed as value, the HTTP header will not be sent at all.

Caution

Cookies set via the Cookie header are not considered by the CookiesMiddleware. If you need to set cookies for a request, use the Request.cookies parameter. This is a known current limitation that is being worked on.

cookies (dict or list) –

the request cookies. These can be sent in two forms.

Using a dict:

request_with_cookies = Request(url="http://www.example.com", cookies={'currency': 'USD', 'country': 'UY'}) Using a list of dicts:

request_with_cookies = Request(url="http://www.example.com", cookies=[{'name': 'currency', 'value': 'USD', 'domain': 'example.com', 'path': '/currency'}])

The latter form allows for customizing the domain and path attributes of the cookie. This is only useful if the cookies are saved for later requests.

When some site returns cookies (in a response) those are stored in the cookies for that domain and will be sent again in future requests. That’s the typical behaviour of any regular web browser.

To create a request that does not send stored cookies and does not store received cookies, set the dont_merge_cookies key to True in request.meta.

Example of a request that sends manually-defined cookies and ignores cookie storage:

Request( url="http://www.example.com", cookies={'currency': 'USD', 'country': 'UY'}, meta={'dont_merge_cookies': True}, ) For more info see CookiesMiddleware.

Caution

Cookies set via the Cookie header are not considered by the CookiesMiddleware. If you need to set cookies for a request, use the Request.cookies parameter. This is a known current limitation that is being worked on.

encoding (str) – the encoding of this request (defaults to 'utf-8'). This encoding will be used to percent-encode the URL and to convert the body to bytes (if given as a string).

priority (int) – the priority of this request (defaults to 0). The priority is used by the scheduler to define the order used to process requests. Requests with a higher priority value will execute earlier. Negative values are allowed in order to indicate relatively low-priority.

dont_filter (bool) – indicates that this request should not be filtered by the scheduler. This is used when you want to perform an identical request multiple times, to ignore the duplicates filter. Use it with care, or you will get into crawling loops. Default to False.

errback (collections.abc.Callable) –

a function that will be called if any exception was raised while processing the request. This includes pages that failed with 404 HTTP errors and such. It receives a Failure as first parameter. For more information, see Using errbacks to catch exceptions in request processing below.

Changed in version 2.0: The callback parameter is no longer required when the errback parameter is specified.

flags (list) – Flags sent to the request, can be used for logging or similar purposes.

cb_kwargs (dict) – A dict with arbitrary data that will be passed as keyword arguments to the Request’s callback.

Owner
Md Rashidul Islam
Md Rashidul Islam
Grab the changelog from releases on Github

release-notes-scraper This simple script can be used to grab the release notes for projects from github that do not keep a CHANGELOG, but publish thei

Dan Čermák 4 Apr 01, 2022
Scrapy-soccer-games - Scraping information about soccer games from a few websites

scrapy-soccer-games Esse projeto tem por finalidade pegar informação de tabela d

Caio Alves 2 Jul 20, 2022
A package designed to scrape data from Yahoo Finance.

yahoostock A package designed to scrape data from Yahoo Finance. Installation The most simple installation method is through PIP. pip install yahoosto

Rohan Singh 2 May 28, 2022
A high-level distributed crawling framework.

Cola: high-level distributed crawling framework Overview Cola is a high-level distributed crawling framework, used to crawl pages and extract structur

Xuye (Chris) Qin 1.5k Jan 04, 2023
A simple python web scraper.

Dissec A simple python web scraper. It gets a website and its contents and parses them with the help of bs4. Installation To install the requirements,

11 May 06, 2022
淘宝、天猫半价抢购,抢电视、抢茅台,干死黄牛党

taobao_seckill 淘宝、天猫半价抢购,抢电视、抢茅台,干死黄牛党 依赖 安装chrome浏览器,根据浏览器的版本找到对应的chromedriver下载安装 web版使用说明 1、抢购前需要校准本地时间,然后把需要抢购的商品加入购物车 2、如果要打包成可执行文件,可使用pyinstalle

2k Jan 05, 2023
A python module to parse the Open Graph Protocol

OpenGraph is a module of python for parsing the Open Graph Protocol, you can read more about the specification at http://ogp.me/ Installation $ pip in

Erik Rivera 213 Nov 12, 2022
Universal Reddit Scraper - A comprehensive Reddit scraping command-line tool written in Python.

Universal Reddit Scraper - A comprehensive Reddit scraping command-line tool written in Python.

Joseph Lai 543 Jan 03, 2023
Google Developer Profile Badge Scraper

Google Developer Profile Badge Scraper It is a Google Developer Profile Web Scraper which scrapes for specific badges in a user's Google Developer Pro

Hemant Sachdeva 2 Feb 22, 2022
Proxy scraper. Format: IP | PORT | COUNTRY | TYPE

proxy scraper 🔎 Installation: git clone https://github.com/ebankoff/proxy_scraper Required pip libraries (pip install library name): lxml beautifulso

Eban'ko 19 Dec 07, 2022
Scrapping Connections' info on Linkedin

Scrapping Connections' info on Linkedin

MohammadReza Ardestani 1 Feb 11, 2022
爬取各大SRC当日公告 | 通过微信通知的小工具 | 赏金工具

OnTimeHacker V1.0 OnTimeHacker 是一个爬取各大SRC当日公告,并通过微信通知的小工具 OnTimeHacker目前版本为1.0,已支持24家SRC,列表如下 360、爱奇艺、阿里、百度、哔哩哔哩、贝壳、Boss、58、菜鸟、滴滴、斗鱼、 饿了么、瓜子、合合、享道、京东、

Bywalks 95 Jan 07, 2023
TikTok Username Swapper/Claimer/etc

TikTok-Turbo TikTok Username Swapper/Claimer/etc I wanted to create it as fast as possible but i eventually gave up and recoded it many many many many

Kevin 12 Dec 19, 2022
Scrape all the media from an OnlyFans account - Updated regularly

Scrape all the media from an OnlyFans account - Updated regularly

CRIMINAL 3.2k Dec 29, 2022
Pseudo API for Google Trends

pytrends Introduction Unofficial API for Google Trends Allows simple interface for automating downloading of reports from Google Trends. Only good unt

General Mills 2.6k Dec 28, 2022
Extract embedded metadata from HTML markup

extruct extruct is a library for extracting embedded metadata from HTML markup. Currently, extruct supports: W3C's HTML Microdata embedded JSON-LD Mic

Scrapinghub 725 Jan 03, 2023
Scrapes the Sun Life of Canada Philippines web site for historical prices of their investment funds and then saves them as CSV files.

slocpi-scraper Sun Life of Canada Philippines Inc Investment Funds Scraper Install dependencies pip install -r requirements.txt Usage General format:

Daryl Yu 2 Jan 07, 2022
Console application for downloading images from Reddit in Python

RedditImageScraper Console application for downloading images from Reddit in Python Introduction This short Python script was created for the mass-dow

James 0 Jul 04, 2021
A low-code tool that generates python crawler code based on curl or url

KKBA Intruoduction A low-code tool that generates python crawler code based on curl or url Requirement Python = 3.6 Install pip install kkba Usage Co

8 Sep 20, 2021
SearchifyX, predecessor to Searchify, is a fast Quizlet, Quizizz, and Brainly webscraper with various stealth features.

SearchifyX SearchifyX, predecessor to Searchify, is a fast Quizlet, Quizizz, and Brainly webscraper with various stealth features. SearchifyX lets you

28 Dec 20, 2022