FastAPI Auth Middleware
We at Code Specialist love FastAPI for its simplicity and feature-richness. Though we were a bit staggered by the poor documentation and integration of auth-concepts. That's why we wrote a FastAPI Auth Middleware. It integrates seamlessly into FastAPI applications and requires minimum configuration. It is built upon Starlette and thereby requires no dependencies you do not have included anyway.
Caution: This is a middleware to plug in existing authentication. Even though we offer some sample code, this package assumes you already have a way to generate and verify whatever you use, to authenticate your users. In most of the usual cases this will be an access token or bearer. For instance as in OAuth2 or Open ID Connect.
Install
pip install fastapi-auth-middleware
Why FastAPI Auth Middlware?
- Application or Route scoped automatic authorization and authentication with the perks of dependency injection (But without inflated signatures due to
Depends()) - Lightweight without additional dependencies
- Easy to configure
- Easy to extend and adjust to specific needs
- Plug-and-Play feeling
Usage
The usage of this middleware requires you to provide a single function that validates a given authorization header. The middleware will extract the content of the Authorization HTTP header and inject it into your function that returns a list of scopes and a user object. The list of scopes may be empty if you do not use any scope based concepts. The user object must be a BaseUser or any inheriting class such as FastAPIUser. Thereby, your verify_authorization_header function must implement a signature that contains a string as an input and a Tuple of a List of strings and a BaseUser as output:
from typing import Tuple, List
from fastapi_auth_middleware import FastAPIUser
from starlette.authentication import BaseUser
...
# Takes a string that will look like 'Bearer eyJhbGc...'
def verify_authorization_header(auth_header: str) -> Tuple[List[str], BaseUser]: # Returns a Tuple of a List of scopes (string) and a BaseUser
user = FastAPIUser(first_name="Code", last_name="Specialist", user_id=1) # Usually you would decode the JWT here and verify its signature to extract the 'sub'
scopes = [] # You could for instance use the scopes provided in the JWT or request them by looking up the scopes with the 'sub' somewhere
return scopes, user
This function is then included as an keyword argument when adding the middleware to the app.
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi_auth_middleware import AuthMiddleware
...
app = FastAPI()
app.add_middleware(AuthMiddleware, verify_authorization_header=verify_authorization_header)
After adding this middleware, all requests will pass the verify_authorization_header function and contain the scopes as well as the user object as injected dependencies. All requests now pass the verify_authorization_header method. You may also verify that users posses scopes with requires:
from starlette.authentication import requires
...
@app.get("/")
@requires(["admin"]) # Will result in an HTTP 401 if the scope is not matched
def some_endpoint():
...
You are also able to use the user object you injected on the request object:
from starlette.requests import Request
...
@app.get('/')
def home(request: Request):
return f"Hello {request.user.first_name}" # Assuming you use the FastAPIUser object
Examples
Various examples on how to use this middleware are available at https://code-specialist.github.io/fastapi-auth-middleware/examples
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