生成验证码工具类

验证码的作用: 防止机器自动注册，攻击服务器

下图为主程序展示： 在E盘下生成一个长为100，宽为50的a.jpg图片，图片为四位验证码。

图片生成展示：

完整代码

package util;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Random;

/** * 生成验证码工具类 */
public class CheckCodeUtil {
    

    public static final String VERIFY_CODES = "123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
    private static Random random = new Random();

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
    
        OutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("e://a.jpg");
        String checkCode = CheckCodeUtil.outputVerifyImage(100, 50, fos, 4);
        System.out.println(checkCode);
    }

    /** * 输出随机验证码图片流,并返回验证码值（一般传入输出流，响应response页面端，Web项目用的较多） * @param width 图片的宽度 * @param height 图片的高度 * @param os 输出流 * @param verifySize 生成的数据长度 * @return 验证码 * @throws IOException */
    public static String outputVerifyImage(int width, int height, OutputStream os, int verifySize) throws IOException {
    
        String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(verifySize);
        outputImage(width, height, os, verifyCode);
        return verifyCode;
    }

    /** * 使用系统默认字符源生成验证码 * * @param verifySize 验证码长度 * @return */
    public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize) {
    
        return generateVerifyCode(verifySize, VERIFY_CODES);
    }

    /** * 使用指定源生成验证码 * @param verifySize 验证码长度 * @param sources 验证码字符源 * @return */
    public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize, String sources) {
    
        // 未设定展示源的字码，赋默认值大写字母+数字
        if (sources == null || sources.length() == 0) {
    
            sources = VERIFY_CODES;
        }
        int codesLen = sources.length();
        Random rand = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());
        StringBuilder verifyCode = new StringBuilder(verifySize);
        for (int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++) {
    
            verifyCode.append(sources.charAt(rand.nextInt(codesLen - 1)));
        }
        return verifyCode.toString();
    }

    /** * 生成随机验证码文件,并返回验证码值 (生成图片形式，用的较少) * * @param w * @param h * @param outputFile * @param verifySize * @return * @throws IOException */
    public static String outputVerifyImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, int verifySize) throws IOException {
    
        String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(verifySize);
        outputImage(w, h, outputFile, verifyCode);
        return verifyCode;
    }



    /** * 生成指定验证码图像文件 * * @param w * @param h * @param outputFile * @param code * @throws IOException */
    public static void outputImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, String code) throws IOException {
    
        if (outputFile == null) {
    
            return;
        }
        File dir = outputFile.getParentFile();
        //文件不存在
        if (!dir.exists()) {
    
            //创建
            dir.mkdirs();
        }
        try {
    
            outputFile.createNewFile();
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(outputFile);
            outputImage(w, h, fos, code);
            fos.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
    
            throw e;
        }
    }

    /** * 输出指定验证码图片流 * * @param w * @param h * @param os * @param code * @throws IOException */
    public static void outputImage(int w, int h, OutputStream os, String code) throws IOException {
    
        int verifySize = code.length();
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        Random rand = new Random();
        Graphics2D g2 = image.createGraphics();
        g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);

        // 创建颜色集合，使用java.awt包下的类
        Color[] colors = new Color[5];
        Color[] colorSpaces = new Color[]{
    Color.WHITE, Color.CYAN,
                Color.GRAY, Color.LIGHT_GRAY, Color.MAGENTA, Color.ORANGE,
                Color.PINK, Color.YELLOW};
        float[] fractions = new float[colors.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < colors.length; i++) {
    
            colors[i] = colorSpaces[rand.nextInt(colorSpaces.length)];
            fractions[i] = rand.nextFloat();
        }
        Arrays.sort(fractions);
        // 设置边框色
        g2.setColor(Color.GRAY);
        g2.fillRect(0, 0, w, h);

        Color c = getRandColor(200, 250);
        // 设置背景色
        g2.setColor(c);
        g2.fillRect(0, 2, w, h - 4);

        // 绘制干扰线
        Random random = new Random();
        // 设置线条的颜色
        g2.setColor(getRandColor(160, 200));
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
    
            int x = random.nextInt(w - 1);
            int y = random.nextInt(h - 1);
            int xl = random.nextInt(6) + 1;
            int yl = random.nextInt(12) + 1;
            g2.drawLine(x, y, x + xl + 40, y + yl + 20);
        }

        // 添加噪点
        // 噪声率
        float yawpRate = 0.05f;
        int area = (int) (yawpRate * w * h);
        for (int i = 0; i < area; i++) {
    
            int x = random.nextInt(w);
            int y = random.nextInt(h);
            // 获取随机颜色
            int rgb = getRandomIntColor();
            image.setRGB(x, y, rgb);
        }
        // 添加图片扭曲
        shear(g2, w, h, c);

        g2.setColor(getRandColor(100, 160));
        int fontSize = h - 4;
        Font font = new Font("Algerian", Font.ITALIC, fontSize);
        g2.setFont(font);
        char[] chars = code.toCharArray();
        for (int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++) {
    
            AffineTransform affine = new AffineTransform();
            affine.setToRotation(Math.PI / 4 * rand.nextDouble() * (rand.nextBoolean() ? 1 : -1), (w / verifySize) * i + fontSize / 2, h / 2);
            g2.setTransform(affine);
            g2.drawChars(chars, i, 1, ((w - 10) / verifySize) * i + 5, h / 2 + fontSize / 2 - 10);
        }

        g2.dispose();
        ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", os);
    }

    /** * 随机颜色 * * @param fc * @param bc * @return */
    private static Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {
    
        if (fc > 255) {
    
            fc = 255;
        }
        if (bc > 255) {
    
            bc = 255;
        }
        int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        return new Color(r, g, b);
    }

    private static int getRandomIntColor() {
    
        int[] rgb = getRandomRgb();
        int color = 0;
        for (int c : rgb) {
    
            color = color << 8;
            color = color | c;
        }
        return color;
    }

    private static int[] getRandomRgb() {
    
        int[] rgb = new int[3];
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
    
            rgb[i] = random.nextInt(255);
        }
        return rgb;
    }

    private static void shear(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
    
        shearX(g, w1, h1, color);
        shearY(g, w1, h1, color);
    }

    private static void shearX(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
    

        int period = random.nextInt(2);

        boolean borderGap = true;
        int frames = 1;
        int phase = random.nextInt(2);

        for (int i = 0; i < h1; i++) {
    
            double d = (double) (period >> 1)
                    * Math.sin((double) i / (double) period
                    + (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)
                    / (double) frames);
            g.copyArea(0, i, w1, 1, (int) d, 0);
            if (borderGap) {
    
                g.setColor(color);
                g.drawLine((int) d, i, 0, i);
                g.drawLine((int) d + w1, i, w1, i);
            }
        }

    }

    private static void shearY(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
    

        int period = random.nextInt(40) + 10; // 50;

        boolean borderGap = true;
        int frames = 20;
        int phase = 7;
        for (int i = 0; i < w1; i++) {
    
            double d = (double) (period >> 1)
                    * Math.sin((double) i / (double) period
                    + (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)
                    / (double) frames);
            g.copyArea(i, 0, 1, h1, 0, (int) d);
            if (borderGap) {
    
                g.setColor(color);
                g.drawLine(i, (int) d, i, 0);
                g.drawLine(i, (int) d + h1, i, h1);
            }

        }

    }
}