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laravel-practice
2022-08-08 16:32:00 【Filariasis like summer xx】
安装laravel
composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel larabbs "8.*"
查看版本号
php artisan --version
伪静态
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
}
laravel-modules安装
- 首先在 Laravel 项目根目录下使用 Composer 安装该扩展包
composer require nwidart/laravel-modules
- Publish the configuration file by running the following command
php artisan vendor:publish --provider="Nwidart\Modules\LaravelModulesServiceProvider"
- Generate the first module of the application with the following command.
php artisan module:make Admin
4.要让模块目录中定义的类可以自动加载,需要配置根目录下的composer.json
{
"autoload": {
"psr-4": {
"App\\": "app/",
"Modules\\": "Modules/"
}
}
}
- 配置完成后运行以下命令让修改生效
composer dump-autoload
- Execute domain name plus module name（例如：http://test.com/admin）
路由
基础
定义在 routes/api.php 文件中的路由,will be applied automatically /api URI 前缀,可以通过修改 RouteServiceProvider class to modify prefixes and other routing group options.
- 基础路由
Route::get('/greeting', function () {
return 'Hello World';
});
//http://laram.com/api/v1/admin/user
Route::group(['prefix' => 'v1/admin','middleware'=>'admin_api_auth'],function () {
//路径用“\”分割
Route::post('/user', "v1\[email protected]");
});
- Available routing methods
Route::get($uri, $callback);
Route::post($uri, $callback);
Route::put($uri, $callback);
Route::patch($uri, $callback);
Route::delete($uri, $callback);
Route::options($uri, $callback);
- Multiple responses are possibleHTTP请求的路由
Route::match(['get', 'post'], '/', function () {
//
});
Route::any('/', function () {
//
});
路由参数
- 必填参数
Route::get('/user/{id}', function ($id) {
return 'User '.$id;
});
//Define multiple parameters in the route
Route::get('/posts/{post}/comments/{comment}', function ($postId, $commentId) {
//
});
- 可选参数
Route::get('/user/{name?}', function ($name = null) {
return $name;
});
Route::get('/user/{name?}', function ($name = 'John') {
return $name;
});
- 正则表达式约束
Route::get('/user/{name}', function ($name) {
//
})->where('name', '[A-Za-z]+');
Route::get('/user/{id}/{name}', function ($id, $name) {
//
})->where(['id' => '[0-9]+', 'name' => '[a-z]+']);
//Regular expression pattern tool
Route::get('/user/{id}/{name}', function ($id, $name) {
//
})->whereNumber('id')->whereAlpha('name');
Route::get('/user/{name}', function ($name) {
//
})->whereAlphaNumeric('name');
Route::get('/user/{id}', function ($id) {
//
})->whereUuid('id');
Route::get('/category/{category}', function ($category) {
//
})->whereIn('category', ['movie', 'song', 'painting']);
- 全局约束
// App\Providers\RouteServiceProvider 类的 boot 方法
public function boot()
{
Route::pattern('id', '[0-9]+');
}
命名路由
Route::get('/user/profile', function () {
//
})->name('profile');
Route names should always be unique
路由组
- 路由中间件
Route::middleware(['first', 'second'])->group(function () {
Route::get('/', function () {
// Use the first and second middleware...
});
Route::get('/user/profile', function () {
// Use the first and second middleware...
});
});
- 控制器
use App\Http\Controllers\OrderController;
Route::controller(OrderController::class)->group(function () {
Route::get('/orders/{id}', 'show');
Route::post('/orders', 'store');
});
- 子域路由
Route::domain('{account}.example.com')->group(function () {
Route::get('user/{id}', function ($account, $id) {
//
});
});
- 路由前缀
Route::prefix('admin')->group(function () {
Route::get('/users', function () {
// Matches The "/admin/users" URL
});
});
中间件
1.创建中间件
php artisan make:middleware EnsureTokenIsValid
将在app/Http/Middleware Place a new one in the directory EnsureTokenIsValid 类.HTTP Requests must go through this middleware before reaching the application
The following middleware will be before the application processes the request**执行一些任务：
<?php
namespace App\Http\Middleware;
use Closure;
class EnsureTokenIsValid
{
public function handle($request, Closure $next)
{
// 执行操作
return $next($request);
}
}
This middleware will perform its task after the request is processed by the application：
<?php
namespace App\Http\Middleware;
use Closure;
class AfterMiddleware
{
public function handle($request, Closure $next)
{
$response = $next($request);
// 执行操作
return $response;
}
}
- 注册中间件
在 app/Http/Kernel.php 类的
$middleware ------------------>全局中间件
routeMiddleware ------------>Assign middleware to routes
'admin_api_auth' => \Modules\Admin\Http\Middleware\AdminApiAuth::class,
Route::get('/profile', function () {
//
})->middleware('admin_api_auth');
Route::middleware('admin')->prefix('v1/admin')->group(function () {
Route::post('/user', "v1\[email protected]");
});
//Exclude middleware
Route::withoutMiddleware([EnsureTokenIsValid::class])->group(function () {
Route::get('/profile', function () {
//
});
});
依赖注入和控制器
//构造函数注入
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Repositories\UserRepository;
class UserController extends Controller
{
/** * User repository instance. */
protected $users;
/** * 创建一个新的控制器实例. * * @param \App\Repositories\UserRepository $users * @return void */
public function __construct(UserRepository $users)
{
$this->users = $users;
}
}
//方法注入
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
class UserController extends Controller
{
/** * Store a new user. * * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response */
public function store(Request $request)
{
$name = $request->name;
//
}
}
请求
Interact with the request
//Retrieve request path : http://larabbs/api/v1/admin/user
$request->path(): //api/v1/admin/user
//检查请求路径 / 路由
$request->is('api/v1/admin/*'):
$request->routeIs('admin.*'):
//检索请求 URL(完整 URL)
$request->url(): //http://larabbs/api/v1/admin/user
$request->fullUrl():
$request->fullUrlWithQuery(['type' => 'phone']);
//Retrieve the requesting host
$request->host();
$request->httpHost();
$request->schemeAndHttpHost();
//Retrieve request method
$request->method();
$request->isMethod('post');
//请求头
$request->header('X-Header-Name')
$request->header('X-Header-Name', 'default');
$request->hasHeader('X-Header-Name');
//请求 IP 地址
$request->ip();
//请求协商
$request->getAcceptableContentTypes();
//Accepts an array of content types
$request->accepts(['text/html', 'application/json'])
接收数据
//Retrieve all input data
$request->all();
$request->collect();
//Retrieve an input value
$request->input('name');
$request->input('name', 'Sally');
$request->input('products.0.name');
$request->input('products.*.name');
$request->input();
//Retrieve input from query string
$request->query('name');
//Retrieve part of input data
$request->only(['username', 'password']);
$request->only('username', 'password');
$request->except(['credit_card']);
$request->except('credit_card');
//Check if the input value exists
$request->has('name')
$request->has(['name', 'email'])
//存在,并且不为空
$request->filled('name')
//Merge additional inputs
$request->merge(['votes' => 0]);
//The corresponding key does not exist in the requested input data
$request->mergeIfMissing(['votes' => 0]);
旧数据
- Data is persisted between requests
$request->flash();
- Pass a subset of the requested data to Session（Exclude sensitive data like passwords Session 外）：
$request->flashOnly(['username', 'email']);
$request->flashExcept('password');
- 获取旧数据
//old 方法会从 Session Retrieve input data that was previously flashed
$request->old('username');
文件
- 获取上传的文件
$file = $request->file('photo');
$file = $request->photo;
$request->hasFile('photo')
//验证成功上传
$request->file('photo')->isValid()
//File path and extension
$path = $request->photo->path();
$extension = $request->photo->extension();
- 存储上传的文件
$path = $request->photo->store('images');
$path = $request->photo->store('images', 's3');
//接受路径、文件名和磁盘名作为其参数
$path = $request->photo->storeAs('images', 'filename.jpg');
$path = $request->photo->storeAs('images', 'filename.jpg', 's3');
响应
- Response 对象
return response()->json($result,400);
- 文件下载
return response()->download($pathToFile);
return response()->download($pathToFile, $name, $headers);
- 文件响应（The file is displayed in the user's browser）
return response()->file($pathToFile);
return response()->file($pathToFile, $headers);
Validation and error handling
- **创建Modules\Admin\Http\Requests\TestRequest **
php artisan modul:make-request TestRequest Admin
- Add validation rules and prompts
<?php
namespace Modules\Admin\Http\Requests;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;
class TestRequest extends FormRequest
{
public function rules()
{
return [
'id'=>'required|is_positive_integer',
];
}
/** * Determine if the user is authorized to make this request. * * @return bool */
public function authorize()
{
return true;
}
public function messages()
{
return ['id.required'=>'id必填','id.is_positive_integer'=>'id需为整数'];
}
}
- 自定义验证规则
在Modules\Admin\ProvidersRouteServiceProvider下
use Validator;
public function boot()
{
parent::boot();
//验证正整数
Validator::extend('is_positive_integer', function($attribute, $value, $parameters, $validator) {
if (is_numeric($value) && is_int($value + 0) && ($value + 0) > 0) {
return true;
}else{
return false;
}
});
}
- 异常处理
在App\Exceptions\Handler下
public function render($request, Throwable $exception)
{
if($request->is("api/*")){
// apiExceptions actively thrown by the interface
if($exception instanceof ValidationException){
$result = [
"code"=>404,
"message"=>array_values($exception->errors())[0][0],
];
return response()->json($result,400);
}
else{
$result = [
"code"=>400,
"message"=>$exception->getMessage(),
];
return response()->json($result,400);
}
}
return parent::render($request, $exception);
}
}
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