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Analysis on modification and customization of appium source code for automated testing of dry goods app
2022-04-21 18:24:00 【Hua Weiyun】
Appium By Node.js To achieve HTTP service , It's not a new framework , Instead, it integrates the existing excellent framework , stay Selenium WebDriver agreement （JsonWireProtocol/Restful web service） The support of mobile terminal is added on the basis of , send Appium Meet a wide range of needs .
More detailed information is officially available Appium Structure description ：https://appium.io/docs/en/contributing-to-appium/appium-packages/
Appium Frame structure
Appium It is composed of multiple sub projects ,github The access is as follows ：
Appium from Appium And other work engines, including ：appium-xcuitest-driver、appium-android-driver、appium-ios-driver、appium-uiautomator2-server、appium-base-driver Other components . download Appium This project is analyzed , Find out Appium It has a very complex directory structure , Here's the picture ：
The important contents are as follows ：
There are files in the project package.json , This file is the project description file . Description of the project or module package , Such as project name , Project version , Project execution entry file , Project contributors, etc .npm install The command will download all dependent modules according to this file , Looking at this file, you can see the following information ：
"dependencies": { "@babel/runtime": "^7.6.0", "appium-android-driver": "^4.20.0", "appium-base-driver": "^5.0.0", "appium-espresso-driver": "^1.0.0", "appium-fake-driver": "^0.x", "appium-flutter-driver": "^0", "appium-ios-driver": "4.x", "appium-mac-driver": "1.x", "appium-support": "2.x", "appium-tizen-driver": "^1.1.1-beta.4", "appium-uiautomator2-driver": "^1.37.1", "appium-windows-driver": "1.x", "appium-xcuitest-driver": "^3.0.0", ... },dependencies Indicates the module and version information that this module depends on . It can be seen from this that it depends on a lot driver , such as appium-android-driver、appium-base-driver、appium-espresso-driver、appium-ios-driver、appium-uiautomator2-driver wait . Next we will according to appium-uiautomator2-driver Focus on Android Test driven source code analysis .
appium-uiautomator2-server
appium-uiautomator2-server Is aimed at UiAutomator V2 Services provided , Is a running on the device Netty The server , Used to listen for instructions and execute UiAutomator V2 command .
Early versions Appium adopt appium-android-bootstrap Realization and UiAutomator V1 Interaction ,UiAutomator2 Repair the UiAutomator V1 Most of the problems encountered in , The most important thing is to realize the connection with Android Separation of system updates .
Appium Bottom line execution Android Testing the real work engine is a JAVA project appium-uiautomator2-server. You can clone this project locally , Use Android Studio Tools or other JAVA project IDE Tool to open this project .
appium-uiautomator2-server start-up
from README The file can see how the service is started ：
Starting server push both src and test apks to the device \ and execute the instrumentation tests. adb shell am instrument -w \ io.appium.uiautomator2.server.test/\ androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner find AppiumUiAutomator2Server.java This file , Here's the picture ：
startServer( ) The method is to start its entry function . This function calls ServerInstrumentation The inside of the class startServer( ) Method . Here's the picture ：
startServer( ) Method creates a new thread to handle a series of logic .
AppiumServlet analysis
AppiumServlet It's a typical HTTP Request processing protocol . Use AppiumServlet To manage requests , And will Driver Forward the incoming request to the corresponding RequestHandler, It will listen to the following URL
... register(postHandler, new FindElement(“/wd/hub/session/:sessionId/element”)); register(postHandler, new FindElements(“/wd/hub/session/:sessionId/elements”)); ...When these URL There's a request to come ,AppiumServlet It will be processed . Such as finding elements 、 Input 、 Click and so on . Take finding elements as an example , You can see the following code in the implementation class ：
... final String method = payload.getString("strategy"); final String selector = payload.getString("selector"); final String contextId = payload.getString("context"); ...Through these three attributes “strategy”、“selector”、“context” To locate elements . stay Appium You can see this operation in the corresponding log .
2020-04-08 10:42:37:928 [HTTP] --> POST /wd/hub/session/f99fe38b-445b-45d2-bda0-79bf12e8910e/element 2020-04-08 10:42:37:929 [HTTP] {"using":"xpath",\ "value":"//*[@text=\" transaction \"]"} 2020-04-08 10:42:37:930 [W3C (f99fe38b)] Calling \ AppiumDriver.findElement() with args: ["xpath","//*[@text=\" transaction \"]","f99fe38b-445b-45d2-bda0-79bf12e8910e"] ... 2020-04-08 10:42:37:931 [WD Proxy] Matched '/element' to \ command name 'findElement' 2020-04-08 10:42:37:932 [WD Proxy] Proxying [POST /element] to \ [POST http://127.0.0.1:8200/wd/hub/session/\ 0314d14d-b580-4098-a559-602559cd7277/element] \ with body: {"strategy":"xpath","selector":\ "//*[@text=\" transaction \"]","context":"","multiple":false} ... 2020-04-08 10:42:39:518 [W3C (f99fe38b)] Responding \ to client with driver.findElement() \ result: {"element-6066-11e4-a52e-4f735466cecf":\ "c57c34b7-7665-4234-ac08-de11641c8f56",\ "ELEMENT":"c57c34b7-7665-4234-ac08-de11641c8f56"} 2020-04-08 10:42:39:519 [HTTP] <-- POST /wd/hub/session/f99fe38b-445b-45d2-bda0-79bf12e8910e/element 200 1590 ms - 137Above code , When locating an element, it will send a POST request ,Appium Will turn the request into UiAutomatorV2 The positioning of , Then forward it to UiAutomatorV2.
Extend the functionality
stay FindElement.java Implemented in the findElement( ) Method , Here's the picture ：
private Object findElement(By by) throws UiAutomator2Exception, UiObjectNotFoundException { refreshAccessibilityCache(); if (by instanceof ById) { String locator = rewriteIdLocator((ById) by); return CustomUiDevice.getInstance().findObject(androidx.test.uiautomator.By.res(locator)); } else if (by instanceof By.ByAccessibilityId) { return CustomUiDevice.getInstance().findObject(androidx.test.uiautomator.By.desc(by.getElementLocator())); } else if (by instanceof ByClass) { return CustomUiDevice.getInstance().findObject(androidx.test.uiautomator.By.clazz(by.getElementLocator())); } else if (by instanceof By.ByXPath) { final NodeInfoList matchedNodes = getXPathNodeMatch(by.getElementLocator(), null, false); if (matchedNodes.isEmpty()) { throw new ElementNotFoundException(); } return CustomUiDevice.getInstance().findObject(matchedNodes); } ... }findElement( ) The method specifically provides ById、ByAccessibilityId、ByClass、ByXpath Other methods , This part of the function can be extended , If some functions are extended in the future , For example, you want to use pictures 、AI Positioning elements , Can be on top of findElement( ) Method to add else if (by instanceof ByAI) Method , To create a new type ByAI And increase the realization of functions . For example, in the future AI To locate the function of the element , have access to AI Plug in for （ be based on nodejs An encapsulated plug-in ）test.ai plug-in unit （https://github.com/testdotai/appium-classifier-plugin）
usage ：
driver.find_element('-custom', 'ai:cart');Project construction and apk install
After completing the modification of the code, you need to recompile to generate the corresponding apk file , And on the Appium In the corresponding directory .
Android Studio -> project Gradle -> appium-uiautomator2-server-master -> Task-other Next .
Double click assembleServerDebug And assembleServerDebugAndroidTest You can compile , After compilation, two corresponding files will be generated in the directory apk file .
- assembleServerDebugAndroidTest.apk
After construction apk In the directory ：app/build/outputs/apk/androidTest/server/debug/appium-uiautomator2-server-debug-androidTest.apk This apk It's a driver module , Responsible for creating sessions , install UiAutomator2-server.apk Go to the device , Turn on Netty service . - assembleServerDebug
After construction apk In the directory ：app/build/outputs/apk/server/debug/appium-uiautomator2-server-v4.5.5.apk, This is the server module , When the driver module is initialized , The server will listen PC End Appium Requests sent , Send the request to the real underlying UiAutomator2.
in addition , You can also use commands to build ：
gradle clean assembleE2ETestDebug assembleE2ETestDebugAndroidTestThe APK, Cover Appium Corresponding to APK file . You need to use the command to find it first Appium Install under directory Uiautomator server Corresponding APK,MacOS The operation command is as follows ：
find /usr/local/lib/node_modules/appium -name "*uiautomator*.apk"Use the above command to find out about Uiautomator Of the two apk file , as follows ：
$ find /usr/local/lib/node_modules/appium -name \ "*uiautomator*.apk" /usr/local/lib/node_modules/appium/node_modules\ /appium-uiautomator2-server/apks/\ appium-uiautomator2-server-v4.5.5.apk /usr/local/lib/node_modules/appium/\ node_modules/appium-uiautomator2-server\ /apks/appium-uiautomator2-server-debug-androidTest.apk Will be compiled APK Replace this directory APK that will do .
The client will pass Desired Capabilities to Appium Server Create a session ,Appium Server Would call appium-uiautomator2-driver At the same time UiAutomator2 Server Of the two apk Install on the test equipment （ That is, the two generated above apk file ）.
Link to the original text
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本文为[Hua Weiyun]所创，转载请带上原文链接，感谢
https://yzsam.com/2022/04/202204211818410772.html
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