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Flask framework learning: template rendering and Get, Post requests

2022-08-11 05:33:00 【weixin_42576837】

模板渲染

The so-called template rendering is to letflask渲染一个html文档,比如你有一个html文件,Want to load it up on the website,You're going to render it.

First put this file,叫做模板渲染.html,放在templates文件夹下面,
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然后代码中,导入render_template类

from flask import Flask,render_template

You can also modify the rendering path of the template file,使用template_folder来修改

app = Flask(__name__,template_folder='../fdf')

这里我们不修改.

模板渲染.html：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>模板渲染</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>你好</p>
<h3>How are you</h3>
</body>
</html>

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模板渲染.py：

from flask import Flask,render_template
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def index():
    return render_template('模板渲染.html')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

运行这个flask项目,在根路径下/,执行对应的视图函数,渲染对应的html文件,显示如下：
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GET和POST请求

when setting up routing,可以设置访问url的时候,接受的请求方式.
GETThe request indicates what the browser needsget某一个文件,The server takes thisurlThe corresponding resource is sent to the browser,默认情况下,我们输入url地址,就是在使用GETRequests for resources.比如：

@app.route('/',methods=["GET"])
def index():
    return render_template('模板渲染.html')

methods=["GET"]限定访问方式,不写,默认就是GET方式.

Indicates that the root path is being accessed/时,只接受get方式的请求,那我们输入url,press enter isget方式,是可以访问的.
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如果修改成：@app.route('/',methods=["POST"])
After we click on this link：

就会发现：

This is because we restrict the root path/access is only availablePOST,Of course it can also be modified as GET,POSTany form

@app.route('/',methods=["GET","POST"])

POST请求,It means that I am not trying to get a resource now,Instead I have data that needs to be submitted to the server,Let the server handle it.

首先,我们的html页面为,Here is a form,We need to fill in the data,Then we hand the data over to the server for processing,设置表单的action="http://localhost:5000/datahandle",That means the data is submitted to/datahandlethis page to handle

test.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>post请求</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action = "http://localhost:5000/datahandle" method = "post">
         <table>
            <tr>
                <td>Name</td>
                <td><input type ="text" name ="username"></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>Password</td>
                <td><input type ="password" name ="password"></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td><input type = "submit"></td>
            </tr>
        </table>
    </form>
</form>
</body>
</html>

然后是py文件,

from flask import Flask,render_template,request
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def index():
    return render_template('test.html')
    
#postdata to this page for processing,直接输入url是get方式访问,访问不了,This is limited to use onlyPOST方式访问
@app.route('/datahandle',methods=["POST"])
def handle():
    #Get the data submitted to
    name = request.form['username']
    pwd  = request.form['password']
    return f'name: {
      name}, password: {
      pwd}'


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

After entering the root path, the template file will be renderedtest.html,Then enter in the formname,password后,提交给/datahandle页面来处理,Its corresponding view functionhandle()处理数据.But here is how to get the data in the form,需要使用request类

from flask import Flask,render_template,request

name = request.form['username']
pwd  = request.form['password']

实际上,在formThe data entered in the form are all takenflaskstored in the form of a dictionary,使用print(request.form)可以查看
Enter the following data into the form：提交,
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在控制台中输出ImmutableMultiDict([('username', '123'), ('password', '456')])
键值对username='123',password = '456'