Knowledge of software testing~

What is demand ？

Satisfy User expectations perhaps Documents specified in the contract （ standard 、 Regulations 、 contract ） Conditions and permissions required

What is? BUG（ Software error ）？

If and only if Software requirements exist and are reasonable , If The software function does not conform to the software requirements specification , Namely Software error ; If the software specification （ Software requirements document ） non-existent , User needs exist and are reasonable , If The user requirements do not match the software functions , Namely Software error

What is a test case ？

A set of collections initiated to the system under test , This set of collections contains Test environment 、 Test data 、 testing procedure 、 Expected results 、 Test the functional modules 、 priority 、 Manual ……

Test environment ： The environment in which the system operates

Software development 5 Big model ？

1、 Waterfall model ：

advantage ： Emphasize the importance of development Phasing ; Emphasis on early planning and needs survey ; Emphasis on product testing ;

            Suitable for projects with stable demand

shortcoming ： Relying on the only early needs survey , Unable to adapt to changes in demand ;

            Because it's a single process , Lessons learned in development cannot be fed back to the process of applying this product

            The risks are often revealed late in the testing phase , As a result, the opportunity for early correction is lost  

---

2、 Spiral model ：

advantage ： Emphasize strict whole process risk management ; Emphasize the quality of each development stage ;

            Provide an opportunity to review the value of the project and continue ; Strong anti risk ability ;

            Suitable for large projects , High risk projects

shortcoming ： Introduce very strict risk identification 、 Risk analysis and risk control , This puts forward high requirements for the technical level of risk management . personnel 、 The investment of capital and time is large

---

3、 The incremental 、 Iterative model ：

advantage ： Strong anti risk ability

Incremental model ： It is developed one module by one

Iterative model ： Is to build the whole into a framework , Then iterate layer by layer

---

4、 Agile model ：

Scrum technological process ：

PO： The product manager     Sort out the requirements , Translate user requirements into user story（ The software requirements ）

SM： project manager     Ensure the smooth progress of the whole agile process

ST： R & D team     Development iteration , Regularly deliver a high-quality available software

Process steps ：

1）、 Product launch meeting ： commentary user story

2）、 Iteration planning meeting ： part user story Assigned tasks , Estimate time

3）、 R & D process —— Daily station will ： What did you do , problem 、 plan

4）、 Product demonstration meeting

5）、 Project review meeting ： Summarize 、 improvement

characteristic ： Light text block 、 Light process 、 Heavy target 、 Re output 、 Embrace change , Able to adapt to changes in demand

  Two models of software testing ？

1、V Model ：

characteristic ： Stage Strong independence ; Early demand analysis and design stage and later test stage One-to-one correspondence , Each stage in the early stage is the basis of each test stage in the later stage ; The problems in the early stage are not found until the later project test , Lead to The problem loses the opportunity to correct in time

---

2、W Model （ double V Model ）： Every stage of development V, Each stage of the test V

 

advantage ： Early test intervention , Intervene in the demand phase

shortcoming ： Quite phased , It is still a serial process , Unable to adapt to changes in demand , Agile is not supported

  The life cycle of software development ？

Demand analysis —— plan —— Design —— code —— test —— Operation and maintenance

  The life cycle of software testing ？（ Software testing process ？）

Demand analysis —— test plan —— Test design / Test Development —— The test execution —— Test evaluation

---

Demand analysis ： Verify the correctness of the requirements 、 rationality ; Refine requirements , Find the test item , Write test cases

test plan ： Determine the number of people tested 、 Test environment 、 Test time 、 Test equipment

Test design / Test Development ： Write test cases according to requirements

The test execution ： Development has been completed , Execute test case , Verification function , Submit BUG, verification BUG

Test evaluation ： How many test cases have been written , Number of test cases remaining ,BUG Number , Solved BUG Number , The legacy of the BUG And solutions , Test scope and test function

How to describe a BUG？