《 Summary of information system project manager 》 Chapter four Project cost management

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Ten management contents of information system project manager .
Four 、 Project cost management
1、 Planning cost management
2、 Estimated cost
3、 Budget making
4、 Control the cost

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One 、 Planning cost management

Planning cost management is for planning 、 management 、 Spend and control project costs and make policies 、 Procedures and documentation , The main function of this process is , Provide guidance and direction on how to manage project costs throughout the project .

>>> Input ：

1、 Project management plan

2、 Project Charter

3、 Business environment factors

4、 Organizational process assets

>>> Tools and Technology ：

1、 Expert judgment

2、 Analytical techniques

3、 meeting

>>> Output ：

1、 Cost management plan

The cost management plan is an integral part of the project management plan , Describe how it will be planned 、 Arrange and control project cost .

Two 、 Estimated cost

Cost estimation is the process of approximate estimation of the funds required to complete the project activities . The main function of this process is , Determine the amount of cost required to complete the project work .
The main steps of project cost estimation , The preparation of project cost estimation requires the following three main steps .
（1） Identify and analyze cost components .
（2） Accounts are formed according to the identified project cost , Estimate the cost of each account .
（3） Analyze the cost estimation results , Find various alternative costs , Coordinate the proportional relationship between various costs .

>>> Input ：

1、 Cost management plan

2、 Human resource management plan

3、 Range reference

Include scope statement 、 Work breakdown structure 、WBS The dictionary .

4、 Project schedule

5、 Risk register

6、 Business environment factors

7、 Organizational process assets

>>> Tools and Technology ：

1、 Expert judgment

2、 Analogous estimating

When project details are insufficient , For example, in the early stages of a project , This technique is often used to estimate the cost value . Analogical estimation is usually cheaper 、 Less time consuming , But the accuracy is also low .

3、 Parameter estimation

Parameter estimation refers to the cost estimation of project work by using the statistical relationship between historical data and other variables . The accuracy of parameter estimation depends on the maturity of parameter model and the reliability of basic data . Parameter estimation can be for the whole project or a part of the project , It can be used in combination with other estimation methods .

4、 Three point estimation

5、 Bottom-up estimating

Bottom up estimation is a way to estimate the components of a job . First, the cost of a single work package or activity is analyzed in detail 、 Careful estimation ; And then aggregate these detailed costs up or “ rolling ” To a higher level , For follow-up reporting and tracking . The accuracy of bottom-up estimation and its own cost , It usually depends on the size and complexity of a single activity or work package .

6、 Group decision making technology

7、 Reserve analysis

8、 quality cost

9、 Project management software

10、 Seller's bid analysis

In the process of cost estimation , It may need to be based on the bidding situation of qualified sellers , Analyze project cost .

>>> Output ：

1、 Activity cost estimates

A quantitative estimate of the cost that may be required to complete the project work .

2、 Estimation basis

Quantity and type of supporting information required for cost estimation .

3、 Project file update

3、 ... and 、 Budget making

Budgeting is to summarize the estimated costs of all individual activities or work packages , The process of establishing an approved cost baseline . The main function of this process is , Set a cost benchmark , Project performance can be monitored and controlled accordingly .
The project budget includes all funds approved for the project . The cost baseline is the approved project budget allocated by time period , But it doesn't include managing reserves .

>>> Input ：

1、 Cost management plan

2、 Range reference

3、 Activity cost estimates

4、 Estimation basis

5、 Project schedule

6、 Resource Calendar

7、 Risk register

8、 agreement

9、 Organizational process assets

>>> Tools and Technology ：

1、 Cost summary

First, summarize the cost estimate to WBS Work packages in , From work package to WBS Higher level （ Such as control account ）, Finally get the total cost of the whole project .

2、 Reserve analysis

3、 Expert judgment

4、 Historical relations

There may be some historical relationships between relevant variables that can be used for parameter estimation or analogy estimation . Based on these historical relationships , Use project features （ Parameters ） To build a mathematical model , Forecast the total cost of the project .

5、 Resource restriction balance

Should be based on any restrictions on project funding , To balance financial support . If you find a difference between the capital limit and the planned expenditure , The work schedule may need to be adjusted , To balance the level of capital expenditure . This can be achieved by adding mandatory dates to the project schedule .

>>> Output ：

1、 Cost basis

The cost baseline is approved 、 Project budget allocated by time period , Excluding any management reserves , Changes can only be made through formal change control procedures , Used as a basis for comparison with actual results . Cost benchmark is the sum of approved budgets for different schedule activities . Increase the management reserve above the cost benchmark , Get the project budget .

2、 Project funding requirements

3、 Project file update

Four 、 Control the cost

Cost control is to monitor project status , To update project costs , The process of managing cost baseline changes . The main function of this process is , Find the difference between actual and planned , In order to take corrective measures , Reduce risk .
Project cost control includes ：
（1） Influence the factors causing the change of cost benchmark .
（2） Ensure that all change requests are processed in a timely manner .
（3） When the change actually occurs , Manage these changes .
（4） Ensure that the cost does not exceed the approved funding limit , Not beyond the time period 、 Press WBS Components 、 Quota by activity , No more than the total project quota .
（5） Monitor cost performance , Identify and analyze deviations from the cost base .
（6） Compared with financial support , Monitor job performance .
（7） Prevent unauthorized changes in cost or resource usage reports .
（8） Report all approved changes and related costs to relevant stakeholders .
（9） Try to control the expected cost overrun within an acceptable range .

>>> Input ：

1、 Project management plan

2、 Project funding requirements

3、 Performance data

4、 Organizational process assets

>>> Tools and Technology ：

1、 Earned value management

2、 forecast

3、 to complete performance index （TCPI）

4、 Performance review

The objects of performance review include ： Cost performance changes over time 、 Progress activities or work packages exceeding and below budget , And an estimate of the funds needed to complete the work .

5、 Project management software

6、 Reserve analysis

>>> Output ：

1、 Job performance information

2、 Cost forecast

3、 Change request

4、 Project management plan update

5、 Project file update

6、 Organizational process asset update