1) Base point

Base point is the starting point for calculating the territorial sea, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf, and is an important symbol for safeguarding my country's maritime rights and interests and sworn sovereignty.According to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the baseline of the territorial sea is the starting point for measuring the territorial sea of ​​the coastal state, which is generally the high tide and low tide line of the coastal state.The coasts or islands determine their own appropriate points, connect these points with straight lines, and delineate the base points. These points are called the base points of the territorial sea, and these straight lines are the baselines of the territorial sea in this sea area.

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea has the following provisions on nautical miles, baselines beyond the territorial sea:

2) Territorial sea within 12 nautical miles

The littoral state may formulate laws and regulations to manage and use its resources in the waters 12 nautical miles beyond the baseline.Foreign ships have the right to "innocent passage" in the territorial waters.With the permission of the territorial sea state, military ships can also carry out "transit passage".

3) The contiguous zone is within 24 nautical miles

12 nautical miles beyond the territorial sea, that is, between 24 nautical miles beyond the baseline of the territorial sea and the territorial sea, is called the contiguous zone.In this zone, coastal states can enforce anti-smuggling and anti-smuggling laws governing their territorial waters.

4) Exclusive economic zone within 200 nautical miles

The exclusive economic zone refers to the sea area that should not exceed 200 nautical miles (370.4 kilometers) from the baseline of the territorial sea, excluding points closer to another country.This concept originally originated from disputes over fishing rights. After 1945, with the gradual prevalence of submarine oil exploration, it became more urgent to introduce the concept of exclusive economic zone.Technically, as early as the 1970s, humans have been able to drill 4,000 meters of the seabed.

The country to which the exclusive economic zone belongs has the right to explore, develop, use, conserve, and manage the natural resources of the seabed and subsoil and its overlying waters, as well as the right to the construction and use of artificial facilities, scientific research, and environmental protection.Other countries still enjoy freedom of navigation and overflight, and other uses related to these freedoms in accordance with international law (laying of submarine cables, pipelines, etc.).