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ansible各个模块的详解和使用
2022-08-10 20:28:00 【小陈爱锻炼】
blockinfile模块使用：
在node1上文件ansible_text文件中写入内容 ansible
[[email protected] ~]# echo "ansible" > ansible_text
[[email protected] ~]# more ansible_text
ansible
[[email protected] ~]#
然后使用blockinfile模块，在文件中插入内容 blockinfile insert content
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m blockinfile -a "path=/root/ansible_text block='blockinfile insert content' insertafter=EOF"
node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"msg": "Block inserted"
}
[[email protected] ~]#
然后插入内容 blockinfile with marker 且使用指定标记: marker=#{mark}test
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m blockinfile -a "path=/root/ansible_text block='blockinfile with marker' marker=#{mark}test"
node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"msg": "Block inserted"
}
[[email protected] ~]#
在blockinfile insert content之前插入 insertbefore
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m blockinfile -a "path=/root/ansible_text block='insertbefore' insertbefore='blockinfile insert content'marker=#{mark}test"
node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"msg": "Block inserted"
}
在blockinfile insert content之后插入 insertafter
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m blockinfile -a "path=/root/ansible_text block='insertafter' insertafter='blockinfile insert content'marker=#{mark}test"
node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"msg": "Block inserted"
}
删除其中一行内容
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m blockinfile -a "path=/root/ansible_text block='insertafter' insertafter='blockinfile insert content'marker=#{mark}test state=absent"
node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"msg": "Block removed"
}
[rolineinfile模块使用
向node节点上文件 ansible_text2文件如插入内容 lineinfile insert content
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m lineinfile -a "path=/root/ansible_text2 line='lineinfile insert content' create=yes"
node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"backup": "",
"changed": true,
"msg": "line added"
}
删除lineinfile insert content
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m lineinfile -a "path=/root/ansible_text2 line='lineinfile insert content' state=absent"
node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"backup": "",
"changed": true,
"found": 1,
"msg": "1 line(s) removed"
}
重新插入lineinfile insert content
在之前插入： insertbefore
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m lineinfile -a "path=/root/ansible_text2 line='insertbefore' insertbefore='lineinfile insert content'"
node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"backup": "",
"changed": true,
"msg": "line added"
}
在它之后插入: insertafter
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m lineinfile -a "path=/root/ansible_text2 line='insertafter' insertafter='lineinfile insert content'"
node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"backup": "",
"changed": true,
"msg": "line added"
}
插入：Hello ansible,Hiiii
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m lineinfile -a "path=/root/ansible_text2 line='Hello ansible,Hiiii'"
node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"backup": "",
"changed": true,
"msg": "line added"
}
文件中的"Hello ansible,Hiiii"替换成"Hiiii"(使用正则表达式和backrefs)
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m lineinfile -a "path=/root/ansible_text2 regexp='(H.{4}).*(H.{4})' line='Hiiii'"
node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"backup": "",
"changed": true,
"msg": "line replaced"
}
unarchive模块使用
将node主机上的包解压
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m unarchive -a "src=/root/apr-1.6.5.tar.gz copy=no dest=/home/student"
node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"dest": "/home/student",
"extract_results": {
"cmd": [
"/bin/gtar",
"--extract",
"-C",
"/home/student",
"-z",
"-f",
"/root/apr-1.6.5.tar.gz"
],
"err": "",
"out": "",
"rc": 0
},
"gid": 1006,
"group": "student",
"handler": "TgzArchive",
"mode": "0700",
"owner": "student",
"secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_dir_t:s0",
"size": 210,
"src": "/root/apr-1.6.5.tar.gz",
"state": "directory",
"uid": 1006
}
将server主机上的包解压到node主机且设置权限为644
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m unarchive -a "src=/root/httpd-2.4.53.tar.gz dest=/home/student mode=644"
archive模块使用
将node上的目录进行压缩
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m archive -a "path=/home/student/httpd-2.4.53 dest=/home/student/httpd-2.4.53.tar.gz"
cron模块
在node上为student用户设置周一到周五早上的9:00输出闹钟到/root/alarm_cron
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m cron -a "hour=9 minute=0 weekday=1-5 name="闹钟" job=/root/alarm_cron user=student"
node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"envs": [],
"jobs": [
"闹钟"
]
}
[[email protected] ~]#
user模块
创建用户
删除用户
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m user -a "name=chen"
node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"comment": "",
"create_home": true,
"group": 1008,
"home": "/home/chen",
"name": "chen",
"shell": "/bin/bash",
"state": "present",
"system": false,
"uid": 1008
}
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m user -a "name=chen state=absent"
node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"force": false,
"name": "chen",
"remove": false,
"state": "absent"
}
[[email protected] ~]#
group模块
创建组
删除组
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m group -a "name=chen"
node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"gid": 1008,
"name": "chen",
"state": "present",
"system": false
}
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m group -a "name=chen state=absent"
node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"name": "chen",
"state": "absent"
}
[[email protected] ~]#
yum_repository
设置两个软件仓库BaseOS和APPStream(本地yum源的配置)到文件my.repo
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m yum_repository -a "name=BaseOS baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/BaseOS gpgcheck=0 enabled=1 file=my.repo description=BaseOS"
node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"repo": "BaseOS",
"state": "present"
}
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m yum_repository -a "name=APPStream baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/AppStream gpgcheck=0 enabled=1 file=my.repo description=APPStream"
node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"repo": "APPStream",
"state": "present"
}
yum/dnf模块
安装软件 lrzsz
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m yum -a "name=lrzsz"
node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"msg": "",
"rc": 0,
"results": [
"Installed: lrzsz-0.12.20-43.el8.x86_64"
]
}
service/systemd模块
关闭防火墙
重启防火墙
禁用防火墙
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m service -a "name=firewalld state=stopped"
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m service -a "name=firewalld state=restarted
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m service -a "name=firewalld state=stopped enable=no
firewalld模块
添加端口22, 添加服务 http
添加富规则：允许192.168.xxx.0/24来访问http的80端口
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m firewalld -a 'rich_rule="rule family=ipv4 source address=192.168.40.0/24 service name=http accept" permanent=true immediate=true state=enabled'
node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"msg": "Permanent and Non-Permanent(immediate) operation, Changed rich_rule rule family=ipv4 source address=192.168.40.0/24 service name=http accept to enabled"
}
删除富规则
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m firewalld -a 'rich_rule="rule family=ipv4 source address=192.168.40.0/24 service name=http accept" permanent=true immediate=true state=disabled'
node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"msg": "Permanent and Non-Permanent(immediate) operation, Changed rich_rule rule family=ipv4 source address=192.168.40.0/24 service name=http accept to disabled"
}
selinux模块
设置selinux工作模式为permissive
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m selinux -a "state=permissive policy=targeted"
node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"configfile": "/etc/selinux/config",
"msg": "SELinux state changed from 'enforcing' to 'permissive', Config SELinux state changed from 'enforcing' to 'permissive'",
"policy": "targeted",
"reboot_required": false,
"state": "permissive"
}
nmcli模块
在node上添加一块网卡，设置IP，gw, method, dns，type，和自动连接
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m nmcli -a "conn_name=ens160 ip4=192.168.38.138/24 gw4=192.168.38.1 dns4=8.8.8.8 type=ethernet state=present"
node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
"Exists": "Connections do exist so we are modifying them",
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"conn_name": "ens160",
"state": "present"
}
get_url模块
去梨视频找个视频下载下来
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m get_url -a "url=https://video.pearvideo.com/mp4/adshort/20180504/cont-1337568-12007359_adpkg-ad_hd.mp4 dest=/root"
node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"checksum_dest": null,
"checksum_src": "c8c67c158b16ce84172273cc14dcc1c9f9403ef8",
"dest": "/root/cont-1337568-12007359_adpkg-ad_hd.mp4",
"elapsed": 12,
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "dee2f423b48d0ce9d6e8ca6f6e78e443",
"mode": "0644",
"msg": "OK (11510845 bytes)",
"owner": "root",
"secontext": "system_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0",
"size": 11510845,
"src": "/home/student/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1659969705.7804847-4367-206052075680831/tmp0lko5_0p",
"state": "file",
"status_code": 200,
"uid": 0,
"url": "https://video.pearvideo.com/mp4/adshort/20180504/cont-1337568-12007359_adpkg-ad_hd.mp4"
}
uri模块
访问百度，并能获取到百度源码
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m uri -a "url=https://www.baidu.com"
node1.example.com | SUCCESS => {
"accept_ranges": "bytes",
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"cache_control": "no-cache",
"changed": false,
"connection": "close",
"content_length": "227",
"content_type": "text/html",
"cookies": {
"BAIDUID": "BC8D9B2B9B942FEECC4C3CD013E50975:FG=1",
"BD_NOT_HTTPS": "1",
"BIDUPSID": "BC8D9B2B9B942FEE6D7DDEDD17DC8AD3",
"PSTM": "1659969767"
},
"cookies_string": "BAIDUID=BC8D9B2B9B942FEECC4C3CD013E50975:FG=1; BIDUPSID=BC8D9B2B9B942FEE6D7DDEDD17DC8AD3; PSTM=1659969767; BD_NOT_HTTPS=1",
"date": "Mon, 08 Aug 2022 14:42:47 GMT",
"elapsed": 0,
"msg": "OK (227 bytes)",
"p3p": "CP=\" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM \", CP=\" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM \"",
"pragma": "no-cache",
"redirected": false,
"server": "BWS/1.1",
"set_cookie": "BD_NOT_HTTPS=1; path=/; Max-Age=300, BIDUPSID=BC8D9B2B9B942FEE6D7DDEDD17DC8AD3; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com, PSTM=1659969767; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com, BAIDUID=BC8D9B2B9B942FEECC4C3CD013E50975:FG=1; max-age=31536000; expires=Tue, 08-Aug-23 14:42:47 GMT; domain=.baidu.com; path=/; version=1; comment=bd",
"status": 200,
"strict_transport_security": "max-age=0",
"traceid": "1659969767278206132216850300533603587923",
"url": "https://www.baidu.com",
"x_frame_options": "sameorigin",
"x_ua_compatible": "IE=Edge,chrome=1"
}
parted模块
新增一块儿1GB的磁盘
然后对磁盘进行分区: 分区1： 400，分区2： 200M， 分区3：200M，且设置分区1和分区2类型为LVM
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m parted -a "device=/dev/nvme0n3 number=1 part_end=400MB state=present flags=lvm"
node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"disk": {
"dev": "/dev/nvme0n3",
"logical_block": 512,
"model": "NVMe Device",
"physical_block": 512,
"size": 1048576.0,
"table": "msdos",
"unit": "kib"
},
"partitions": [
{
"begin": 1024.0,
"end": 390144.0,
"flags": [
"lvm"
],
"fstype": "",
"name": "",
"num": 1,
"size": 389120.0,
"unit": "kib"
}
],
"script": "unit KiB mklabel msdos mkpart primary 0% 400MB unit KiB set 1 lvm on"
}
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m parted -a "device=/dev/nvme0n3 number=2 part_start=400MB part_end=600MB state=present flags=lvm"
node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"disk": {
"dev": "/dev/nvme0n3",
"logical_block": 512,
"model": "NVMe Device",
"physical_block": 512,
"size": 1048576.0,
"table": "msdos",
"unit": "kib"
},
"partitions": [
{
"begin": 1024.0,
"end": 390144.0,
"flags": [
"lvm"
],
"fstype": "",
"name": "",
"num": 1,
"size": 389120.0,
"unit": "kib"
},
{
"begin": 390144.0,
"end": 585728.0,
"flags": [
"lvm"
],
"fstype": "",
"name": "",
"num": 2,
"size": 195584.0,
"unit": "kib"
}
],
"script": "unit KiB mkpart primary 400MB 600MB unit KiB set 2 lvm on"
}
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m parted -a "device=/dev/nvme0n3 number=3 part_start=600MB part_end=800MB state=present"
node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"disk": {
"dev": "/dev/nvme0n3",
"logical_block": 512,
"model": "NVMe Device",
"physical_block": 512,
"size": 1048576.0,
"table": "msdos",
"unit": "kib"
},
"partitions": [
{
"begin": 1024.0,
"end": 390144.0,
"flags": [
"lvm"
],
"fstype": "",
"name": "",
"num": 1,
"size": 389120.0,
"unit": "kib"
},
{
"begin": 390144.0,
"end": 585728.0,
"flags": [
"lvm"
],
"fstype": "",
"name": "",
"num": 2,
"size": 195584.0,
"unit": "kib"
},
{
"begin": 585728.0,
"end": 781312.0,
"flags": [],
"fstype": "",
"name": "",
"num": 3,
"size": 195584.0,
"unit": "kib"
}
],
"script": "unit KiB mkpart primary 600MB 800MB"
}
lvg模块：用上面parted建立的分区： 创建卷组
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m lvg -a "pvs=/dev/nvme0n3p1 vg=myvg1"
node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true
}
lvol模块：在上面卷组的基础上创建逻辑卷：500M
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m lvol -a 'vg=myvg1 lv=lv1 size=500'
node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"msg": ""
}
filesystem模块：为逻辑卷和分区3设置文件系统类型为 xfs
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m filesystem -a 'dev=/dev/myvg1/lv1 fstype=xfs force=yes'
node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true
}
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m filesystem -a 'dev=/dev/nvme0n3p3 fstype=xfs force=yes'
node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true
}
mount模块：
为上面的逻辑卷和分区3进行挂载(分别使用mounted和present)
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m mount -a "path=/mnt/test fstype=xfs src=/dev/myvg1 state=present"
node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"backup_file": "",
"boot": "yes",
"changed": true,
"dump": "0",
"fstab": "/etc/fstab",
"fstype": "xfs",
"name": "/mnt/test",
"opts": "defaults",
"passno": "0",
"src": "/dev/myvg1"
}
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m mount -a "path=/mnt/test1 fstype=xfs src=/dev/nvme0n3p3 state=present"
node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"backup_file": "",
"boot": "yes",
"changed": true,
"dump": "0",
"fstab": "/etc/fstab",
"fstype": "xfs",
"name": "/mnt/test1",
"opts": "defaults",
"passno": "0",
"src": "/dev/nvme0n3p3"
}
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