主键id,Snowflake雪花算法，优点：生成有顺序的id，提高数据库的性能

主键id,Snowflake雪花算法，优点：生成有顺序的id，提高数据库的性能,现在大部分都不用uuid作为主键，因为不规则，每向数据库插入一条数据就要重新排列，使数据库性能降低。

1，导入依赖

         <dependency>
			<groupId>xyz.downgoon</groupId>
			<artifactId>snowflake</artifactId>
			<version>1.0.0</version>
		</dependency>

2，写个工具类

public class SnowFlakeIdGenerator{

  private static final  Snowflake snowFlake  = new Snowflake(1,2);

    
  public static String getNextId() {
    return String.valueOf(snowFlake.nextId());
  }
}

3,原理：感兴趣者可以看下

package com.example.demo.test;


import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

public class SnowflakeIdFactory {
 
    private final long twepoch = 1288834974657L;
    private final long workerIdBits = 5L;
    private final long datacenterIdBits = 5L;
    private final long maxWorkerId = -1L ^ (-1L << workerIdBits);
    private final long maxDatacenterId = -1L ^ (-1L << datacenterIdBits);
    private final long sequenceBits = 12L;
    private final long workerIdShift = sequenceBits;
    private final long datacenterIdShift = sequenceBits + workerIdBits;
    private final long timestampLeftShift = sequenceBits + workerIdBits + datacenterIdBits;
    private final long sequenceMask = -1L ^ (-1L << sequenceBits);
 
    private long workerId;
    private long datacenterId;
    private long sequence = 0L;
    private long lastTimestamp = -1L;
 
 
 
    public SnowflakeIdFactory(long workerId, long datacenterId) {
        if (workerId > maxWorkerId || workerId < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("worker Id can't be greater than %d or less than 0", maxWorkerId));
        }
        if (datacenterId > maxDatacenterId || datacenterId < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("datacenter Id can't be greater than %d or less than 0", maxDatacenterId));
        }
        this.workerId = workerId;
        this.datacenterId = datacenterId;
    }
 
    public synchronized long nextId() {
        long timestamp = timeGen();
        if (timestamp < lastTimestamp) {
            //服务器时钟被调整了,ID生成器停止服务.
            throw new RuntimeException(String.format("Clock moved backwards.  Refusing to generate id for %d milliseconds", lastTimestamp - timestamp));
        }
        if (lastTimestamp == timestamp) {
            sequence = (sequence + 1) & sequenceMask;
            if (sequence == 0) {
                timestamp = tilNextMillis(lastTimestamp);
            }
        } else {
            sequence = 0L;
        }
 
        lastTimestamp = timestamp;
        return ((timestamp - twepoch) << timestampLeftShift) | (datacenterId << datacenterIdShift) | (workerId << workerIdShift) | sequence;
    }
 
    protected long tilNextMillis(long lastTimestamp) {
        long timestamp = timeGen();
        while (timestamp <= lastTimestamp) {
            timestamp = timeGen();
        }
        return timestamp;
    }
 
    protected long timeGen() {
        return System.currentTimeMillis();
    }
 
    public static void testProductIdByMoreThread(int dataCenterId, int workerId, int n) throws InterruptedException {
        List<Thread> tlist = new ArrayList<>();
        Set<Long> setAll = new HashSet<>();
        CountDownLatch cdLatch = new CountDownLatch(10);
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        int threadNo = dataCenterId;
        Map<String,SnowflakeIdFactory> idFactories = new HashMap<>();
        for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
            //用线程名称做map key.
            idFactories.put("snowflake"+i,new SnowflakeIdFactory(workerId, threadNo++));
        }
        for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
            Thread temp =new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    Set<Long> setId = new HashSet<>();
                    SnowflakeIdFactory idWorker = idFactories.get(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                    for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
                        setId.add(idWorker.nextId());
                    }
                    synchronized (setAll){
                        setAll.addAll(setId);
                        //log.info("{}生产了{}个id,并成功加入到setAll中.",Thread.currentThread().getName(),n);
                    }
                    cdLatch.countDown();
                }
            },"snowflake"+i);
            tlist.add(temp);
        }
        for(int j=0;j<10;j++){
            tlist.get(j).start();
        }
        cdLatch.await();
 
        long end1 = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
 
        //log.info("共耗时:{}毫秒,预期应该生产{}个id, 实际合并总计生成ID个数:{}",end1,10*n,setAll.size());
 
    }
 
    public static void testProductId(int dataCenterId, int workerId, int n){
        SnowflakeIdFactory idWorker = new SnowflakeIdFactory(workerId, dataCenterId);
        SnowflakeIdFactory idWorker2 = new SnowflakeIdFactory(workerId+1, dataCenterId);
        Set<Long> setOne = new HashSet<>();
        Set<Long> setTow = new HashSet<>();
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            setOne.add(idWorker.nextId());//加入set
        }
        long end1 = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
        //log.info("第一批ID预计生成{}个,实际生成{}个<<<<*>>>>共耗时:{}",n,setOne.size(),end1);
 
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            setTow.add(idWorker2.nextId());//加入set
        }
        long end2 = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
        //log.info("第二批ID预计生成{}个,实际生成{}个<<<<*>>>>共耗时:{}",n,setTow.size(),end2);
 
        setOne.addAll(setTow);
        //log.info("合并总计生成ID个数:{}",setOne.size());
 
    }
 
    public static void testPerSecondProductIdNums(){
        SnowflakeIdFactory idWorker = new SnowflakeIdFactory(1, 2);
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        int count = 0;
        for (int i = 0; System.currentTimeMillis()-start<1000; i++,count=i) {
            /**  测试方法一: 此用法纯粹的生产ID,每秒生产ID个数为300w+ */
            idWorker.nextId();
            /**  测试方法二: 在log中打印,同时获取ID,此用法生产ID的能力受限于log.error()的吞吐能力.
             * 每秒徘徊在10万左右. */
            //log.error("{}",idWorker.nextId());
        }
        long end = System.currentTimeMillis()-start;
        System.out.println(end);
        System.out.println(count);
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        /** case1: 测试每秒生产id个数?
         *   结论: 每秒生产id个数300w+ */
        //testPerSecondProductIdNums();
 
        /** case2: 单线程-测试多个生产者同时生产N个id,验证id是否有重复?
         *   结论: 验证通过,没有重复. */
        //testProductId(1,2,10000);//验证通过!
        //testProductId(1,2,20000);//验证通过!
 
        /** case3: 多线程-测试多个生产者同时生产N个id, 全部id在全局范围内是否会重复?
         *   结论: 验证通过,没有重复. */
        /*try {
            testProductIdByMoreThread(1,2,100000);//单机测试此场景,性能损失至少折半!
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
 */
        SnowflakeIdFactory factory = new SnowflakeIdFactory(1,2);
        for(int i =0;i<10;i++){
            System.out.println(factory.nextId());
        }


    }



}