[software testing] understand the basic knowledge of software testing

One 、 What is software testing

We use manual or automated testing tools , For the tested object （ Program 、 Software 、 Systems, etc ） Perform test operations , Check the functions of the program 、 Interface display 、 data display 、 Whether the safety is normal . If the test shows an exception , That means we found BUG. This process is software testing .

Let's make it simple , Those who have fought the glory of the king don't know if they have heard of this BUG. At the moment when the Dragon appeared , Dharma can beat the dragon out of the Dragon pit with a big move , And the dragon can't go back . Everyone who plays this game knows , The dragon can keep returning blood , Not returning to the Dragon pit means that the dragon will not be killed by any hero . That's what happens in the game BUG, The tester's job is to check the map of the game 、 Skill 、 Role Shanghai 、 The skin shows 、 Blood bar changes and many other aspects , Before the game ceiling 、 Or when players find BUG Before , It's up to the tester to find all the things that may appear in the game BUG.

Software testing falls into two categories , One is manual testing , One is automated testing

Manual testing ： It's the way that testers point by hand , The process of testing the tested object . For example, our smart phones , Manual testers will test the camera function of the mobile phone in various environments , Like taking pictures at night 、 Scenery photography 、 Take photos, enlarge and other functions ;

automated testing ： Automated testing is through automated tools and frameworks , Cooperate with special test environment , The process of automating software testing .

Two 、 Classification of software testing

1、 A functional test ： It mainly tests the main function of the tested object . such as App To test whether you can log in normally 、 Registration, etc. ; Whether the web page can be accessed and displayed normally , Whether the link can jump normally , Whether the online streamline can be submitted correctly, etc ;

2、 Compatibility test ： It refers to whether the tested system can be used normally in different environments . such as App Whether it can be in Huawei 、 millet 、OPPP Etc. are installed and used normally on the mobile phone , stay Pad Whether it can be installed and used ; The browser win7/win8/win10 Whether the computer system can be used normally, etc ;

3、 Security testing ： It refers to whether there is data leakage in the tested system 、 Virus invasion 、 Security issues such as unauthorized user login . For example, I registered a bank card , Someone else got my card , You can take my money without entering a password ; All port permissions of my server are open , Anyone can access my server directly ;

4、 Stability test ： It refers to whether the tested system will be abnormal under long-term operation . For example, online video playback , Keep playing 24H Whether there will be web page disconnection ; The mobile phone runs continuously for a month , Whether there will be burning 、 Burn motherboard 、 Caton and so on ;

5、 Performance testing ： Performance testing is a relatively high-end testing technology in the software testing industry . Generally, all those who can do performance testing are test experts in a certain field of the testing industry . Performance tests can also be divided into the following two categories ：

— The load test ： It means increasing pressure on the system , Test the coping performance and peak bearing capacity of the system under extreme conditions . such as , Do a stress test on the server , theory 1 Minutes to carry 10000 Traffic , We gradually increased to 1 minute 20000、50000、100000 Flow, etc , Test the response speed of the server 、 Memory loss 、 Bandwidth performance, etc ;

— Pressure test ： It means that under the condition of increasing system pressure , The long running time of the system . for instance , Now many mobile phones are just on the market , Some technology UP After getting the prototype, the master will release the mobile phone and run all kinds of software at the same time , Video of mobile phone performance . Of course, the stress test on the hands of test engineers should be severe . For example, the background of the mobile phone may run at the same time 100、200、300 A software , Until running 1 Hours 、5 Hours 、10 Hours later, the mobile phone CPU、GPU、RAM、 Cell phone temperature 、 Battery power consumption, etc .

3、 ... and 、 Several common methods of software testing

1、 Classify according to the test object
① White box testing ： The so-called white box , It can be understood as a transparent box . We put the program in a transparent “ The box （ Environmental Science ）” in , Outside the box , We can see the underlying code of the program , Test the logic of the program code 、 Code writing and other program bottom problems ;

② Black box testing ： Similarly, we can understand the black box as an opaque black box . We put the program in the black box , Can't see the code of the program , Don't care how the program code is implemented . Just observe whether the program functions we tested can run normally in the end ;

③ Grey box testing ： Grey box test is a test method between white box and black box . That is to check part of the code logic , Some aspects only focus on whether the function is realized .

2、 Classify according to whether the test object is running
① The static test ： Generally refers to objects that can be tested without running . Like document testing 、 Web interface testing and so on ;

② Dynamic testing ： Generally refers to the running program 、 Software 、 Systems, etc . In the running state , We test the relevant functions of the object .

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