The ifconfig compared with IP command

基于LinuxRelease provides a simple and powerful way to configure the network of command line tools.These commands collection fromnet-tools软件包获取,This package in most distributions around for a long time,And contains likeifconfig, route, nameif, iwconfig, iptunnel, netstat, arp的命令.

These commands for any new orlinuxExperts in configure the network basic has had enough schooling,,But because in the past few yearsLinuxThe progress of the kernel and not maintain this command package collection,They have been abandoned and an alternative to the all these commands more powerful alternative to appear.

This alternative has appeared for a long time and more powerful than any of these commands.The rest will be emphasized from the alternatives and make itnet-toolsPack a command(ifconfig)做比较.

ip用于替代ifconfig

ifconfig已经存在很长时间了,And still be a lot of people are used to configure,Display and control network interface,但现在在LinuxThere is a new alternative to release,它比ifconfig要强大的多.The alternative is fromiproute软件包的ip命令.

[[email protected] network-scripts]# yum whatprovides "ip"
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.lzu.edu.cn
 * epel: ftp.iij.ad.jp
 * extras: mirror.lzu.edu.cn
 * updates: download.nus.edu.sg
iproute-4.11.0-30.el7.x86_64 : Advanced IP routing and network device configuration tools
Repo        : base
Matched from:
Filename    : /usr/sbin/ip

Although this command at first looks a little complicated,但功能上比ifconfig更加全面.On the function of two layer network stack organization it,即是第二层(数据链路层),第三层(IP层),And have come fromnet-toolsPackage the above mentioned command all the features of.

ifconfigDisplays or modifies system basically interface,ipCommand can do the following tasks：

• Displays or modifies the interface properties
• 添加、移除ARPCache entry and not host to create a new staticARP条目
• Show all interfaces relatedMAC地址
• Display and modify the kernel routing table

ipCommand is one of the main is different fromifconfig的重点是使用ioctlFor network configuration,ifconfig使用ioctlFor network configuration,This is a way to interact with the kernel is not popular,ipUsed for the same purposenetlink套接字机制,这是使用rtnetlinkUsed for internal communication between the kernel and user spaceioctlThe more flexible successor.

We are now beginning to highlightifconfigFeatures and how to effectively useipCommand to replace them.

ip vs ifconfig命令

The following section stressifconfig命令以及使用ip命令替换：

1、在LinuxShow all network interface

ifconfig命令

[[email protected] network-scripts]# ifconfig
eno1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.50.74  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.50.255
        inet6 fe80::755d:a1a5:8380:e9f9  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:19:0f:3d:c9:3d  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 1079386  bytes 104138658 (99.3 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 1027598  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 7795  bytes 711277 (694.6 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
        device interrupt 20  memory 0xf7f00000-f7f20000

...

enp3s0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.3.30  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.3.255
        inet6 fe80::53ff:e021:58e4:1629  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether c4:00:ad:54:a3:23  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 21748  bytes 1311860 (1.2 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 21271  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 123  bytes 13015 (12.7 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
        device memory 0xf6f00000-f6ffffff
...

ip命令

[[email protected] network-scripts]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp3s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether c4:00:ad:54:a3:23 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.3.30/24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global noprefixroute enp3s0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::53ff:e021:58e4:1629/64 scope link noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
...
8: eno1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:19:0f:3d:c9:3d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.50.74/24 brd 192.168.50.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic eno1
       valid_lft 81779sec preferred_lft 81779sec
    inet6 fe80::755d:a1a5:8380:e9f9/64 scope link noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
...

2、添加或删除IP地址

ifconfig添加IP地址

[[email protected] network-scripts]# ifconfig enp3s0 add 192.168.3.31
[[email protected] network-scripts]# ip addr show enp3s0
2: enp3s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether c4:00:ad:54:a3:23 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.3.30/24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global noprefixroute enp3s0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.3.31/24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global secondary enp3s0:0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::53ff:e021:58e4:1629/64 scope link noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

ifconfig删除IP地址

[[email protected] network-scripts]# ifconfig enp3s0 del 192.168.3.31
[[email protected] network-scripts]# ip addr show enp3s0
2: enp3s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether c4:00:ad:54:a3:23 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.3.30/24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global noprefixroute enp3s0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::53ff:e021:58e4:1629/64 scope link noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

ip添加IP地址

[[email protected] network-scripts]# ip addr add 192.168.3.31 dev enp3s0
[[email protected] network-scripts]# ip addr show enp3s0
2: enp3s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether c4:00:ad:54:a3:23 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.3.30/24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global noprefixroute enp3s0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.3.31/32 scope global enp3s0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::53ff:e021:58e4:1629/64 scope link noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

ip删除IP地址

[[email protected] network-scripts]# ip addr del 192.168.3.31 dev enp3s0
Warning: Executing wildcard deletion to stay compatible with old scripts.
         Explicitly specify the prefix length (192.168.3.31/32) to avoid this warning.
         This special behaviour is likely to disappear in further releases,
         fix your scripts!
[[email protected] network-scripts]# ip addr show enp3s0
2: enp3s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether c4:00:ad:54:a3:23 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.3.30/24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global noprefixroute enp3s0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::53ff:e021:58e4:1629/64 scope link noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

3、添加MACHardware address to a network interface

The following command for the interfaceenp3s0Set hardware address is specified in the command value.检查ifconfig命令输出中HWaddr可以确认.

使用ifconfig命令添加MAC地址的语法：

[[email protected] network-scripts]# ifconfig enp3s0 hw ether 00:aa:bb:cc:dd:ee
[[email protected] network-scripts]# ifconfig enp3s0
enp3s0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.3.30  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.3.255
        inet6 fe80::53ff:e021:58e4:1629  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:aa:bb:cc:dd:ee  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 22661  bytes 1366894 (1.3 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 22182  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 158  bytes 17635 (17.2 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
        device memory 0xf6f00000-f6ffffff

ip添加MAC地址

使用ip命令添加MAC地址的语法：

[[email protected] network-scripts]# ip link set dev enp3s0 address 00:ee:dd:cc:bb:aa
[[email protected] network-scripts]# ip addr show enp3s0
2: enp3s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:ee:dd:cc:bb:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.3.30/24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global noprefixroute enp3s0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::53ff:e021:58e4:1629/64 scope link noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

4、Set the network interface of other configuration

除了IPAddress or hardware address,Can be applied to other interface configuration includes：

• MTU
• Multicast tag
• 传输队列长度
• 混杂模式
• 启用或禁用所有多播模式

a) 设置MTU值为2000

ifconfig --Other network configuration

[[email protected] network-scripts]# ifconfig enp3s0 mtu 2000

ip -- Other network configuration

[[email protected] network-scripts]# ip link set dev enp3s0 mtu 2000

b) Enable or disable the multicast tag

ifconfig

[[email protected] network-scripts]# ifconfig enp3s0 multicast

ip

[[email protected] network-scripts]# ip link set dev enp3s0 multicast on

c) Set the transmission queue length

ifconfig

[[email protected] network-scripts]# ifconfig enp3s0 txqueuelen 1200

ip

[[email protected] network-scripts]# ip link set dev enp3s0 txqueuelen 1200

4) Enable or disable the promiscuous mode

ifconfig

[[email protected] network-scripts]# ifconfig enp3s0 promisc

ip

[[email protected] network-scripts]# ip link set dev enp3s0 promisc on

5、启用或禁用网络接口

ifconfigDisable specific network interface

[[email protected] network-scripts]# ifconfig enp3s0 down
[[email protected] network-scripts]# ifconfig enp3s0
enp3s0: flags=4866<BROADCAST,PROMISC,ALLMULTI,MULTICAST>  mtu 2000
        ether 00:ee:dd:cc:bb:aa  txqueuelen 1200  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 23966  bytes 1445944 (1.3 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 23483  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 211  bytes 25494 (24.8 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
        device memory 0xf6f00000-f6ffffff

ifconfigEnable specific network interface

[[email protected] network-scripts]# ifconfig enp3s0 up
[[email protected] network-scripts]# ifconfig enp3s0
enp3s0: flags=4931<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,ALLMULTI,MULTICAST>  mtu 2000
        inet 192.168.3.30  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.3.255
        inet6 fe80::53ff:e021:58e4:1629  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether c4:00:ad:54:a3:23  txqueuelen 1200  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 23969  bytes 1446147 (1.3 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 23486  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 228  bytes 28022 (27.3 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
        device memory 0xf6f00000-f6ffffff

ipDisable specific network interface

[[email protected] network-scripts]# ip link set enp3s0 down
[[email protected] network-scripts]# ip addr show enp3s0
2: enp3s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,ALLMULTI,PROMISC> mtu 2000 qdisc mq state DOWN group default qlen 1200
    link/ether 00:ee:dd:cc:bb:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

ipEnable specific network interface

[[email protected] network-scripts]# ip link set enp3s0 up
[[email protected] network-scripts]# ip addr show enp3s0
2: enp3s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,ALLMULTI,PROMISC,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 2000 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1200
    link/ether c4:00:ad:54:a3:23 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.3.30/24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global noprefixroute enp3s0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::53ff:e021:58e4:1629/64 scope link tentative noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

6、启用或者禁用ARP协议

The following command on the specified network interface to enable or disableARP协议

ifconfig--启用/禁用ARP协议

以下命令使ARPCan deal with the interfaceenp3s0一起使用.To disable this option,只要用-arp替代arp.

[[email protected] network-scripts]# ifconfig enp3s0 arp
[[email protected] network-scripts]# ifconfig enp3s0 -arp

ip--启用或禁用ARP协议

以下命令是ip使得ARPProtocols can be used to interfaceenp3s0.要禁用它,只要用off替代on.

[[email protected] network-scripts]# ip link set dev enp3s0 arp on