「业务架构」TOGAF建模：组织分解图（组织映射）

组织分解图描述了组织树中参与者、角色和位置之间的链接。组织图应该提供组织中所有者和决策者的指挥链。虽然组织分解图的目的不是将目标与组织联系起来，但是应该可以从组织分解图直观地将目标与涉众联系起来。

这个图表还可以描述参与者的定义和他们的职责。组织是指参与者之间的联系，或者是参与者和组织单位之间的联系，表现出等级关系、沟通和责任。

通过展示企业主要参与者之间的主要信息流，还可以突出组织内的任务和责任。这显示了组织中由谁接收、处理或发出哪些信息，从而说明了组织元素的责任。

组织分解图还用于定义参与者承担的不同角色。

位置、角色和参与者

在图1所示的示例中，表示了位置、角色和参与者。总部设在巴黎，在南特、图卢兹和里昂有三家分公司。组织单位已分配到不同的地点。大部分服务集中在巴黎。IT部门设在图卢兹。每个分支机构都有销售部。通过其职责链接（角色到角色或组织单元），角色的地理位置通常是隐含的。

UML/BPMN EAP Profile

Internal actor: An actor that belongs to the enterprise.

Headquarter location: Geographically defines where the elements of the enterprise are deployed (organization units, hardware devices, actors, etc).

Site location: Geographically defines where the elements of the enterprise are deployed (organization units, hardware devices, actors, etc). Generally, an enterprise has one headquarter and several sites.

Organization unit: Describes one unit that breaks down the organization of the enterprise. This can be, for example, a department.

Localization link: Localization link of an element of an enterprise (actor, business unit, hardware device, etc) in a location. Alternatively, the localized element can be embedded into the location.

Archimate

角色及其职责的定义

如图2所示，角色及其职责的定义是以一般方式展示企业功能的一种好方法。企业的参与者及其交互提供了对组织的概述。

一个企业内的几个演员可以代表几个人。某些演员代表一群人或演员，例如“董事会”：这是一个将不同部门的董事聚集在一起的例子。但和其他演员一样，它也有责任和决策权。

企业外部的参与者有助于展示他们对组织本身的定位：谁与他们互动。

存在的元素：

• 描述层级的责任链接
• 责任链接到组织单位，表明谁负责哪个组织单位
• 沟通链接，表明谁与谁沟通
• 构图环节，展示复合演员的构成。
• 内部行动者，即参与企业运作的行动者
• 外部参与者，他们是企业外部的参与者，但与企业互动（此处：客户和合作伙伴）

UML/BPMN EAP Profile

图2 -这个模型提供了组织图，由职责和沟通的信息丰富

Organization unit: Describes one unit that breaks down the organization of the enterprise. This can be, for example, a department.

Internal actor: An actor that belongs to the enterprise.

External actor: An actor that is external to the enterprise.

Communicates with link: Indicates that two roles or actors communicate together to realize their work.

Composed of link: Indicates that a role is composite, and is made up of other roles.

Responsible for link: Indicates hierarchical responsibilities between roles or actors, and responsibilities of organization units.

Archimate

图2 -这个模型提供了组织图，由职责和沟通的信息丰富

Business Actor.

Meaning

企业内部流通的主要信息流

图3显示了在企业内部流通的主要信息流。它们是从行动者和/或组织单位接收或发送给它们的。此示例集中于从外部参与者发出/发送到外部参与者的流，以及参与处理的主要组织单元。

UML/BPMN EAP Profile

图3 -企业中的主要信息流

Elements used:
• Actors
• Business Units
• Information flows: Information can be related to business entities to express that these are the exchanged data (Bill and Order in this example).

Organization unit: Describes one unit that breaks down the organization of the enterprise. This can be, for example, a department.

External actor: An actor that is external to the enterprise.

Information flow: Defines the flow of any kind of information (business entity, event, product, informal, etc) between active entities of the enterprise.

Archimate

图3 -企业中的主要信息流

Business Actor.

Business Object.

Flow.

参与者承担的角色

图4显示了由参与者承担的角色。演员扮演一个角色来执行任务。演员通常或预期的功能，或某人或某物在某一特定动作或事件中所扮演的角色，在这里进行了建模。

UML/BPMN EAP Profile

图4 -行动者扮演的角色

Elements used:
• Actors
• Roles
• "assumes" dependencies

Internal actor: An actor that belongs to the enterprise.

External actor: An actor that is external to the enterprise.

Internal role: Role played by an internal actor during a given action (task).

External role: Role played by an external actor during a given action (task).

Archimate

图4 -行动者扮演的角色

Business Actor.

Business Role.

Assignment.

详细参与者承担的角色

图5显示了相同类型的模型，但是显示了一个非常详细的层次，集中在一个参与者上。这种每个参与者的详细模型提供了每个参与者的详细定义，显示了其任务、责任和权利。此图显示了分配给销售总监的目标、他/她的职责（业务部门、管理的参与者）、他/她拥有的业务流程、他/她的位置、假定的角色、他/她使用的应用程序组件、他/她与之交互的其他参与者，以及他/她有权访问的企业实体。

UML/BPMN EAP Profile

图5 -角色的详细模型，聚焦于销售总监

Goal: This is a goal or objective of the enterprise.

Internal actor: An actor that belongs to the enterprise.

Headquarter location: Geographically defines where the elements of the enterprise are deployed (organization units, hardware devices, actors, etc).

Organization unit: Describes one unit that breaks down the organization of the enterprise. This can be, for example, a department.

Business macro process.

Composed of link: Indicates that a role is composite, and is made up of other roles.

Responsible of link: Indicates hierarchical responsibilities between roles or actors, and responsibilities of organization units.

Owner of link.

Assigned link: Assignment of a goal to an element of the enterprise, typically an actor, an organization unit or a business process.

Localization link: Localization link of an element of an enterprise (actor, business unit, hardware device, etc) in a location. Alternatively, the localized element can be embedded into the location.

Archimate

图5 -角色的详细模型，聚焦于销售总监

Business Actor.

Location.

Business Process.

Assignment link.

Influence link.

Goal.

Association link.

Aggregation link.