Implemented shortest-circuit disambiguation, maximum probability disambiguation, HMM-based lexical annotation and BiLSTM+CRF-based named entity recognition

Overview

To Startup

进入根目录(ner文件夹 或 seg_tag文件夹),执行:

pip install -r requirements.txt

等待环境配置完成

程序入口为main.py文件,执行:

python main.py

seg_tag文件夹中将会一次性输出:

  1. 最大概率分词结果与P、R、F
  2. 最大概率分词(加法平滑)结果与P、R、F
  3. 最大概率分词(Jelinek-Mercer插值法平滑)结果与P、R、F
  4. 最短路分词结果与P、R、F
  5. 词性标注结果与两种评分的P、R、F
  6. 各算法耗时

ner文件夹中将会输出:

  1. 各标签的数量和各自的P、R、F
  2. 测试集上的P、R、F
  3. 混淆矩阵
  4. 算法耗时

自动分词与词性标注部分

文件结构

D:.
│  clean.ipynb # 处理数据集dag.py # 建图dictionary.py # 建立词典main.py # 程序入口mpseg.py # 最大概率分词模块pos.py # 词性标注模块spseg.py # 最短路分词模块requirements.txttrie.py # trie树score.py # 函数
│
├─data # 数据集sequences.txtwordpieces.txt
│          
└─__pycache__

每个模块均经过单元测试和集成测试

代码注释采用Google风格

建立词典

定义class Trie作为词典数据结构,在Trie的尾节点保存该词出现的次数与词性。

使用Trie可以最大化节约空间开销。

定义class Dictionary作为词典,并统计词频、词性、转移矩阵、发射矩阵等。

基于词典的最短路分词

给定句子sentence[N],调用类SPseg中的spcut方法,代码依次执行:

  1. 依据词典建立有向无环图(调用类DAG
  2. 最短路dp (调用dp函数)
  3. 回溯得到最短路径
  4. 返回分词结果

最短路分词获得的是尽可能小的分词集合。

基于统计的最大概率分词

给定句子sentence[N],调用类MPseg中的mpcut方法,代码依次执行:

  1. 依据词典建立有向无环图(调用类DAG
  2. 根据类Dictionary中统计的词频计算边权(边权为该词出现的概率)
  3. 最短路dp (调用dp函数)
  4. 回溯得到最短路径
  5. 返回分词结果

最大概率分词得到的分词结果y满足 $$ y = argmax{P(y|x)} = argmax \frac{P(x|y)P(y)}{P(x)} $$ 其中$P(x), P(x|y)$是常数,即: $$ y & = argmax P(y|x)\ & = argmax P(y) \ & = argmax \prod_1^n P(w_i) \ & = argmax log(\prod_1^n P(w_i))\ & = argmin (- \sum_i^m log(P(w_i)) )\ $$ 最大概率即可等价于在DAG上求边权为$-log(P)$的最短路径

数据平滑

考虑到unseen event,对于频率为0的事件,我们也应分配一定的概率。

代码给出了两种数据平滑方式:

  1. Adding smoothing (加法平滑方法)
  2. Jelinek-Mercer interpolation (JM插值法)

Adding smoothing: $$ P(w_i) = \frac{\delta + c(w_i)}{\delta|V| + \sum_j c(w_j)} $$ 代码中取$\delta = 1$

Jelinek-Mercer interpolation $$ P(w_i) = \lambda P_{ML}(w_i) + (1-\lambda)P_{unif} $$ 思想为n元模型的概率由n元模型和n-1元模型插值而成

代码中取0元模型为均匀分布:$P_{unif} = \frac{1}{|V|}$,并给出$\lambda$的默认值为0.9

基于HMM的词性标注

HMM是一种概率图模型,基于统计学习得到emission matrix和transition matrix,推断给定观测序列(分词结果)的隐状态(词性序列)。

给出分词结果,调用类WordTagging中的tagging方法,代码依次执行:

  1. 根据词频计算发射概率和转移概率
  2. Viterbi decoding,找到具有最大概率的隐状态序列
  3. 回溯,得到隐状态序列

HMM经Viterbi解码得到的词性序列满足: $$ y & = argmax P(y|x)\ & = argmax \frac{P(y)P(x|y)}{P(x)} \ & = argmax P(y)\ & = argmax {\pi[t_i]b_1[w_1] \prod_1^{n-1} a[t_i][t_{i+1}]b_{i+1}[w_{i+1}]} \ & = argmax {log(\pi[t_i]b_1[w_1] \prod_1^{n-1} a[t_i][t_{i+1}]b_{i+1}[w_{i+1}])}\ & = argmin {-( log(\pi[t_i]) + log(b_1[w_1]) + \sum_i^m {log(a[t_i][t_{i+1}])+log(b_{i+1}[w_{i+1}])} )}\ $$

准确率、召回率、F1 score与性能

由公式: $$ P = \frac{系统输出的正确结果}{系统输出的全部结果个数} \ R = \frac{系统输出的正确结果}{测试集中的结果个数} \ F = \frac{2\times P \times R}{P+R} $$ 执行python main.py命令,在测试数据上推断,可得到上述全部分词、词性标注结果,并得到准确率、召回率、F1 score和性能指标

分词准确率:MP(with JM smoothing) = MP(with Add1 smoothing) > MP(no smoothing) = SP

使用平滑技术能得到更好的分词效果,统计方法(MP)比词典法能得到更好的分词效果。

HMM词性标注中,先利用MP(with JM smoothing) 法分词,再对分词结果进行词性标注。同时采用了粗略的评价指标(不考虑顺序)和严格的评价指标(考虑顺序)。

对于给定的长为N的序列:

Methods Inference Time Complexity
MP分词 $O(N+M)$
SP分词 $O(N+M)$
HMM词性标注 $O(T^2N)$

其中,$M$为DAG中的边数,$T$词性总数。因此三个算法的推断复杂度都是线性的

命名实体识别部分

采用BiLSTM+CRF模型

img

其中,BiLSTM输入是给定的sentence(embedding sequence),输出为该词对应的命名实体标签。它通过双向的设置学习到观测序列(输入的字)之间的依赖,在训练过程中,LSTM能够根据目标(比如识别实体)自动提取观测序列的特征。但是,BiLSTM无法学习到输出序列之间的依赖与约束关系。

CRF等同于在BiLSTM的输出上添加了一层约束,使得模型也能学习到输出序列内部之间的的依赖。传统的CRF需要人为给出特征模板,但在该模型中,特征函数将由模型自行学习得到。

文件结构

D:.
│  dataloader.py # 载入数据集evaluation.py # 评估模型main.py # 程序入口model.py # BiLSTM、BiLSTM+CRF模型utils.py # 函数requirements.txt
│
├─data_ner # 数据集dev.char.bmestest.char.bmestrain.char.bmes
│
├─results # 训练好的模型BiLSTM+CRF.pkl
│
└─__pycache__

参数设置

Total epoches Batch size learning rate hidden size embedding size
30 64 0.001 128 128

每结束一个epoch,模型在验证集上评估,选取在验证集上效果最好的模型作为最终模型(optimal model)。

模型在测试集上能达到95%以上的准确率。

Reference

[1] 宗成庆 《统计自然语言处理》

[2] Lample G, Ballesteros M, Subramanian S, et al. Neural architectures for named entity recognition[J]. arXiv preprint arXiv:1603.01360, 2016.

[3] blog: 1. Understanding LSTM Networks -- colah's blog, 2. CRF Layer on the Top of BiLSTM - 1 | CreateMoMo

[4] code: 1. hiyoung123/ChineseSegmentation: 中文分词 (github.com) ,2. luopeixiang/named_entity_recognition: 中文命名实体识别(github.com), 3. Advanced: Making Dynamic Decisions and the Bi-LSTM CRF — PyTorch Tutorials 1.9.1+cu102 documentation

[5] dataset: 1. jiesutd/LatticeLSTM: Chinese NER using Lattice LSTM. Code for ACL 2018 paper. (github.com), 2. 人民日报1998

An example project using OpenPrompt under pytorch-lightning for prompt-based SST2 sentiment analysis model

pl_prompt_sst An example project using OpenPrompt under the framework of pytorch-lightning for a training prompt-based text classification model on SS

Zhiling Zhang 5 Oct 21, 2022
Japanese synonym library

chikkarpy chikkarpyはchikkarのPython版です。 chikkarpy is a Python version of chikkar. chikkarpy は Sudachi 同義語辞書を利用し、SudachiPyの出力に同義語展開を追加するために開発されたライブラリです。

Works Applications 48 Dec 14, 2022
The simple project to separate mixed voice (2 clean voices) to 2 separate voices.

Speech Separation The simple project to separate mixed voice (2 clean voices) to 2 separate voices. Result Example (Clisk to hear the voices): mix ||

vuthede 31 Oct 30, 2022
Unifying Cross-Lingual Semantic Role Labeling with Heterogeneous Linguistic Resources (NAACL-2021).

Unifying Cross-Lingual Semantic Role Labeling with Heterogeneous Linguistic Resources Description This is the repository for the paper Unifying Cross-

Sapienza NLP group 16 Sep 09, 2022
Explore different way to mix speech model(wav2vec2, hubert) and nlp model(BART,T5,GPT) together

SpeechMix Explore different way to mix speech model(wav2vec2, hubert) and nlp model(BART,T5,GPT) together. Introduction For the same input: from datas

Eric Lam 31 Nov 07, 2022
Healthsea is a spaCy pipeline for analyzing user reviews of supplementary products for their effects on health.

Welcome to Healthsea ✨ Create better access to health with spaCy. Healthsea is a pipeline for analyzing user reviews to supplement products by extract

Explosion 75 Dec 19, 2022
NLP techniques such as named entity recognition, sentiment analysis, topic modeling, text classification with Python to predict sentiment and rating of drug from user reviews.

This file contains the following documents sumbited for Baruch CIS9665 group 9 fall 2021. 1. Dataset: drug_reviews.csv 2. python codes for text classi

Aarif Munwar Jahan 2 Jan 04, 2023
Utilize Korean BERT model in sentence-transformers library

ko-sentence-transformers 이 프로젝트는 KoBERT 모델을 sentence-transformers 에서 보다 쉽게 사용하기 위해 만들어졌습니다. Ko-Sentence-BERT-SKTBERT 프로젝트에서는 KoBERT 모델을 sentence-trans

Junghyun 40 Dec 20, 2022
PyTorch implementation of Tacotron speech synthesis model.

tacotron_pytorch PyTorch implementation of Tacotron speech synthesis model. Inspired from keithito/tacotron. Currently not as much good speech quality

Ryuichi Yamamoto 279 Dec 09, 2022
Python code for ICLR 2022 spotlight paper EViT: Expediting Vision Transformers via Token Reorganizations

Expediting Vision Transformers via Token Reorganizations This repository contain

Youwei Liang 101 Dec 26, 2022
Paddle2.x version AI-Writer

Paddle2.x 版本AI-Writer 用魔改 GPT 生成网文。Tuned GPT for novel generation.

yujun 74 Jan 04, 2023
Findings of ACL 2021

Assessing Dialogue Systems with Distribution Distances [arXiv][code] We propose to measure the performance of a dialogue system by computing the distr

Yahui Liu 16 Feb 24, 2022
LOT: A Benchmark for Evaluating Chinese Long Text Understanding and Generation

LOT: A Benchmark for Evaluating Chinese Long Text Understanding and Generation Tasks | Datasets | LongLM | Baselines | Paper Introduction LOT is a ben

46 Dec 28, 2022
Spooky Skelly For Python

_____ _ _____ _ _ _ | __| ___ ___ ___ | |_ _ _ | __|| |_ ___ | || | _ _ |__ || . || . || . || '

Kur0R1uka 1 Dec 23, 2021
Easy to start. Use deep nerual network to predict the sentiment of movie review.

Easy to start. Use deep nerual network to predict the sentiment of movie review. Various methods, word2vec, tf-idf and df to generate text vectors. Various models including lstm and cov1d. Achieve f1

1 Nov 19, 2021
[ICCV 2021] Counterfactual Attention Learning for Fine-Grained Visual Categorization and Re-identification

Counterfactual Attention Learning Created by Yongming Rao*, Guangyi Chen*, Jiwen Lu, Jie Zhou This repository contains PyTorch implementation for ICCV

Yongming Rao 89 Dec 18, 2022
Code for Findings of ACL 2022 Paper "Sentiment Word Aware Multimodal Refinement for Multimodal Sentiment Analysis with ASR Errors"

SWRM Code for Findings of ACL 2022 Paper "Sentiment Word Aware Multimodal Refinement for Multimodal Sentiment Analysis with ASR Errors" Clone Clone th

14 Jan 03, 2023
The FinQA dataset from paper: FinQA: A Dataset of Numerical Reasoning over Financial Data

Data and code for EMNLP 2021 paper "FinQA: A Dataset of Numerical Reasoning over Financial Data"

Zhiyu Chen 114 Dec 29, 2022
Transformers implementation for Fall 2021 Clinic

Installation Download miniconda3 if not already installed You can check by running typing conda in command prompt. Use conda to create an environment

Aakash Tripathi 1 Oct 28, 2021
PyTorch implementation and pretrained models for XCiT models. See XCiT: Cross-Covariance Image Transformer

Cross-Covariance Image Transformer (XCiT) PyTorch implementation and pretrained models for XCiT models. See XCiT: Cross-Covariance Image Transformer L

Facebook Research 605 Jan 02, 2023