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Tips ： h The key of is on the left , Every time you press it, it moves left .
l On the right , Every time you press it, it moves to the right .
j The key looks like an arrow pointing down at the tip .

2、VIM The entry and exit of

1. Press <ESC> key ( This is to make sure you are in normal mode ).

2. Then input " shift+ ：" next :q! < enter >
Exiting the editor in this way will discard the changes you have made since you entered the editor .

3.vimtutor < enter >, Can enter the vim practice

Tips ： :q! < enter > Any changes you make will be discarded . After a few lectures you will learn how to save changes to a file .

3、 Deletion of text editing

In normal (Normal) In mode , Can be pressed x Key to delete the character where the cursor is .

4、 Text editor insert

In normal mode , Can be pressed i Key to insert text . Press esc Exit and return to normal mode

5、 Addition of text editing

1. Press A Key to add text .

2. After the text is added , Press <ESC> Key back to normal mode .

With the last section of i The keys are somewhat similar

But the difference is i What changes is the position of the cursor , and a Will move back one space

6、 Edit the file

Use :wq To save the file and exit .

When we finish editing a document, we can press ESC Exit to normal mode , then shift+：, Last input :wq To save your edits and exit .

7、 Summary

1. You can use the arrow keys to move the cursor in the screen text , You can also use hjkl Alphabet Key .
h ( Move left ) j ( The downside ) k ( The upside ) l ( Move right )

2. To enter Vim Editor ( From the command line prompt ), Please enter ：vim file name < enter >

3. To withdraw from Vim Editor , Please enter <ESC> :q! < enter > Discard all changes .
Or input <ESC> :wq < enter > Save changes .

4. Delete the character where the cursor is in normal mode , Please press ： x

5. To insert or add text , Please enter ：

i Enter the text you want to insert <ESC> Inserts text in front of the cursor
A Enter the text you want to add <ESC> Add text after a line

hot tip ： Press down <ESC> Key will take you back to normal mode or undo one that you don't want to type or partially complete
The order of .

The second is

1、 Delete class Command

Input dw Can be removed from the cursor to the end of a word .

2、 More delete class commands

Input d$（d+shfit+4） Delete from the current cursor to the end of the line .

1. Please press <ESC> Key to make sure you are in normal mode .

2. Please move the cursor to the end of the line ( That is, at the first point ‘.’ Back ).

3. Then input d$ Delete from the cursor to the end of the current line .

3、 About orders and objects

Many commands that change text are made up of an operator and an action .
Use the delete operator d The format of the delete command is as follows ：

d motion

among ：
d - Delete operator .
motion - Operator's operands ( List below ).

A short list of actions ：
w - From the current position of the cursor to the beginning of the next word , Not including its first character .
e - From the current cursor position to the end of the word , Include the last character .
$ - From the current cursor position to the end of the current line .

So input de Will be removed from the current cursor position to the end of the word .

hot tip ：
For those who dare to explore , In normal mode, just press the key representing the corresponding action instead of using the operator , you
You will see the cursor move as represented by the object list above .

4、 Use count to specify actions

Entering a number before the action will make it repeat that many times .

1. Input 2w Move the cursor forward two words .

2. Input 3e Move the cursor forward to the end of the third word .

3. Input 0 ( The number zero ) Move cursor to the beginning of line .

5、 Use count to delete more

Entering a number when using an operator can make it repeat that many times .

As mentioned above, the combination of delete operator and action , You can insert a number before the action in the combination to
Delete more ：
d number( Numbers ) motion
1. Input d2w To delete two uppercase words .

6、 Operate the whole line

Input dd You can delete the entire current line .

1. Please move the cursor to the second line of the short sentence paragraph below in this section .
2. Input dd Delete the line .
3. Then move to the fourth line .
4. Then the input 2dd Delete two lines .

7、 Undo class Command

Input small u To undo the last order , Input Big U To undo changes to the entire line .

Delete the contents of the document first

8、 Delete and undo summary

1. To delete from the current cursor to the next word , Please enter ：dw
2. To delete from the current cursor to the end of the current line , Please enter ：d$
3. To delete the entire line , Please enter ：dd

4. To repeat an action , Please put a number before it ：2w
5. The format of the modify command in normal mode is ：
operator [number] motion
among ：
operator - The operator , Represents what to do , such as d On behalf of the delete
[number] - Can add numbers , Represents the number of repetitions
motion - action , Represents movement on the text being manipulated , for example w For the word (word),
$ Representative bank end and so on .

6. To move the cursor to the beginning of the line , Please press the number 0 key ：0

7. To undo a previous operation , Please enter ：u ( Lowercase u)
To undo changes made in one line , Please enter ：U ( uppercase U)
To revoke a previous order to revoke , Restore previous operation results , Please enter ：CTRL-R

3、 ... and 、 Implantation 、 Displacement and change

1、 Put class Command

Input p Place the last deleted content behind the cursor .

1、 Input dd Delete the line , This will save the line to Vim In a register of .

2. Then move the cursor to c) a line , It's the top of the place where you're going to put it . remember ： It's the top .

3. Then in normal mode (<ESC> Key in ) Input p Paste the line into .

2、 Replace class Command

Input r Replace the character where the cursor is with a character .

1、 Please move the cursor to the first wrong position .

2. Then the input r And the characters to replace with , This will replace the mistake .

3、 Change class Command

Change the text until the end of a word , Please enter ce

1. Put the cursor on the word lubw The letter of u Where is the location of .

2. Then input ce And the right words ( In this case, input ine ).

Tips ： Please note that ce The command doesn't just delete a word , It also puts you in insert mode .

4、 Use c Change more

The change class operator can be used in conjunction with the same action used in delete .

1. Changing class operators works the same way as deleting classes . The operation format is ：

c [number] motion

2. Action parameters (motion) It's the same , such as w For the word ,$ Representative bank end and so on .

3. Please move the cursor to the lower part of this section marked with ---> The first line of .

4. Then move the cursor to the first error .

5. Then input c$ Make the rest of the line correct as in the second line . Finally according to the <ESC> key .

5、 Summary

1. To re insert deleted text content , Please press lowercase p key . This operation can delete
After the cursor . If the last delete is an entire line , Then the line will be set
Next line in the current cursor line .

2. To replace the character where the cursor is located , Please enter lower case r And a new word to replace the original character
You can .

3. The change class command allows you to change the text from the current cursor position to the middle of the position indicated by the action .
Such as input ce Can replace the current cursor to the end of the word ; Input c$ Can replace when
The content from the front cursor to the end of the line .

4. The format of the change class command is ：

c [number] motion

Lesson four

1、 Location and file status

Input CTRL-G Display the line position of the current cursor in the current editing file and the file status information .
Type uppercase G Jump directly to a specific line in the file .

1. Press down CTRL Don't let go and press g key . We call this bond combination CTRL-G.
You will see a status line at the bottom of the page , The content displayed is the file name currently edited
And the cursor position in the file .

2. Type uppercase G Enables the current cursor to jump directly to the last line of the file .
Input gg You can make the current cursor jump directly to the first line of the file .

3. Enter the line number you have stayed in , Then type uppercase G. This will return you to the first time you press
CTRL-G It's time to go .

2、 Search class commands

Input / Add a string to find the string in the current file .

1. Enter... In normal mode / character . You will notice that both the character and the cursor appear at the bottom of the screen
Ministry , This one : The order is the same .

2. Then the input errroor < enter >. that errroor Is the string you are looking for .

3. To find the last string , Just press n key . To find the last word in the opposite direction
Fu string , Please enter uppercase N that will do .

4. If you want to reverse find strings , Please use ? Instead of / Conduct .

5. To return to your previous position, press CTRL-O ( Hold down Ctrl Press the letters at the same time o). Press repeatedly to
Step back more .CTRL-I Will jump to a new position .

3、 Finding matching brackets

Input % You can find the matching brackets )、]、}.

1. Place the cursor at the bottom of this section and mark --> Any one in that line (、[ or { It's about .

2. Press next % character .

3. At this time, the cursor position should be in the matching brackets .

4. Press again % You can jump back to the first bracket of the pair .

5. Move the cursor to another (、)、[、]、{ or } It's about , Press % Look at what it did .

4、 Replace the command

Input :s/old/new/g Can replace old by new.

1. Please move the cursor to the lower part of this section marked with ---> That line .

2. Input :s/thee/the < enter > . Note that this command only changes the first match of the line where the cursor is located
strand .

3. Input :s/thee/the/g Replace the matching string of the whole line , All of the "thee" Will be
change .

4. To replace every matching string that appears between two lines , please
Input :#,#s/old/new/g among #,# Represents a number of lines in the replace operation
The line numbers of the first and last two lines .
Input :%s/old/new/g Replace every matching string in the whole file .
Input :%s/old/new/gc Will find every matching string in the entire file , And for each matching string
Prompt whether to replace .

5、 Summary

1. CTRL-G Used to display the current cursor position and file status information .
G Used to jump the cursor to the last line of the file .
Type in a line number and then type in uppercase G Move the cursor to the line represented by the line number .
gg Used to jump the cursor to the first line of the file .

2. Input / The next string is the forward lookup of the string in the currently edited document .
Input ? The next string is the reverse lookup of the string in the currently edited document .
Press... After a search n Key is to repeat the last command , You can check in the same direction
Find the next matching string ; Or in capitals N Find the next matching string in the opposite direction .
CTRL-O Take you back to the old position ,CTRL-I Take you to a new location .

3. If the current position of the cursor is bracket (、)、[、]、{、}, Press % Will move the cursor over the matching brackets .

4. Replace the first string in a line old For the new string new, Please enter :s/old/new
Replace all strings in one line old For the new string new, Please enter :s/old/new/g
Replace all strings in two lines old For the new string new, Please enter :#,#s/old/new/g
Replace all strings in the file old For the new string new, Please enter :%s/old/new/g
When performing full-text replacement, ask the user to confirm that each replacement needs to be added c sign :%s/old/new/gc

The first five lectures

1、 stay VIM The method of executing external commands inside

Input :! Then you can enter an external command to execute the external command .

1. Press what we are familiar with : Command to move the cursor to the bottom of the screen . So you can type a line of commands .

2. Then type in the exclamation point ! This character , This allows you to perform external shell The command .

3. We use ls Command as an example . Input !ls < enter > . This command will list the
Content , Just as you type... At the command line prompt ls The result of the order is the same . If !ls I didn't get up
effect , You can try :!dir have a look .

Tips ： All external commands can be executed in this way , Including those with command line arguments .

Tips ： be-all : All orders must be given by knocking < enter > Key end . We won't always mention that from now on
了 .

2、 More about saving files

To save changes to a file , Please enter :w FILENAME .

1. Input :!dir perhaps :!ls Get the contents of the current catalog . You should have known that at the end of the day
< enter > Well .

2. Select an unused filename , such as TEST.

3. Then the input :w TEST ( here TEST Is the filename of your choice .)

4. The order will be based on TEST Save the entire file for the filename (Vim course ). To test this ,
Please enter again :!dir or :!ls View the contents of your catalog list .

Please note that ： If you exit Vim Then by order vim TEST Start again Vim, So in this document
Content should be exactly the same as the content of the file you saved .

5. Now you can delete TEST The file . stay MS-DOS Next , Please enter ： :!del TEST
stay Unix Next , Please enter ： :!rm TEST

3、 An optional Save command

To save part of the file , Please enter v motion :w FILENAME

1. Move the cursor to the line .

2. Press next v key , Move the cursor over the fifth entry below . You will notice that the text between is highlighted .

3. Then press : character . You will see... At the bottom of the screen :'<,'> .

4. Now please input w TEST, among TEST Is an unused filename . Make sure you see
:'<,'>w TEST Then press < enter > key .

5. At this time Vim The selected line will be written to TEST Go to the named file . Use :!dir or :!ls
Make sure the file is saved correctly . Don't delete it this time ！ We'll use it in the next lecture .

Tips ： Press v Keying Vim Enter visual mode to select . You can move the cursor around to make the selection larger or
smaller . You can then use an operator to manipulate the selected text . for example , Press d Key will delete
Selected text content .

4、 Extract and merge files

To insert the contents of another file into the current file , Please enter :r FILENAME

1. Please move the cursor to the line above the line .

hot tip ： Execution steps 2 After that, you will see the text of the fifth lecture and the third section , Please move down at that time
To see the content of this lecture again .

2. Then by order :r TEST Name the one you created earlier TEST The files of the .
The file you extract will be placed from where the cursor is .

3. To confirm that the file has been extracted successfully , Move the cursor back to the original position to notice that there are two copies of the
5. The third section , One is the original , The other is a copy from the document .

Tips ： You can also read the output of external commands . for example , :r !ls Can read ls Output of command , and
Place it under the cursor .

5、 Summary

1. :!command Used to execute an external command command.

Please look at some practical examples ：
(MS-DOS) (Unix)
:!dir :!ls - Used to display the contents of the current directory .
:!del FILENAME :!rm FILENAME - Used to delete the name FILENAME The file of .

2. :w FILENAME The current VIM The file being edited in is saved to a file named FILENAME The article of
In the piece .

3. v motion :w FILENAME You can save the selected content in the visual mode of the current editing file to the file
FILENAME in .

4. :r FILENAME Can extract disk files FILENAME And insert it into the cursor position of the current file
Back .

5. :r !dir Can read dir The output of the command and places it behind the cursor position of the current file .

About 6

1、 Open class Command

Input o A new line will open below the cursor and enter insert mode .

Big O Insert... Above

2、 Additional class commands

Input a Will be able to insert text after the cursor .

1. Input e Until the cursor is at li At the end of .

2. Enter lowercase a You can insert text after the cursor .

Tips ：a、i and A Will take you into insert mode , The only difference is where the characters are inserted .

3、 Another version of the permutation class Command

Type in uppercase R Can replace multiple characters in succession .

Type in uppercase R Start typing the remaining characters in the first line that are different from the second line one by one , You can replace all the original characters and make the first line exactly the same as the second line ..

4、 Copy and paste text

Using operators y Copy text , Use p Paste text

1. Use v Enter visual mode , Move the cursor to "first" In front of .

2. Now the input y To draw out ( Copy ) Highlighted text .

3. Then move the cursor to the end of the next line ：j$

4. Then the input p To place ( Paste ) Copied text . Then input ：a second <ESC>.

5. Use visual mode to select " item.", use y Copy , Reuse j$ Move the cursor to the end of the next line ,
use p Paste the text there .

5、 Set options for class commands

Set the option to find or replace cases that can be ignored

1. To find the word ignore You can enter... In normal mode /ignore < enter >.
To find the word repeatedly , You can press... Repeatedly n key .

2. Then set the ic Options (Ignore Case, Ignore case ), Please enter ： :set ic

3. Now you can type n Key to find the word again ignore. be aware Ignore and IGNORE Now?
It's also found .

4. Then set the hlsearch and incsearch These two options , Please enter ： :set hls is

5. Now you can type the search command again , See what effect it will have ： /ignore < enter >

6. To disable ignore case , Please enter ： :set noic

Tips ： To remove the highlight of a match , Please enter ： :nohlsearch
Tips ： If you want to ignore the case of letters when searching only once , You can use \c：
/ignore\c < enter >

6、 The sixth part is a summary

1. Enter lowercase o You can open a new line under the cursor and enter insert mode .
Type in uppercase O You can open a new line above the cursor .

2. Enter lowercase a You can insert text after the cursor position .
Type in uppercase A You can insert text after the end of the line where the cursor is .

3. e Command to move the cursor to the end of a word .

4. The operator y Copy text ,p Paste the previously copied text .

5. Type in uppercase R Will enter replace mode , Until you press <ESC> Key back to normal mode .

6. Input :set xxx You can set xxx Options . Some useful options are as follows ：
'ic' 'ignorecase' Ignore letter case when searching
'is' 'incsearch' Show partial matches when looking for phrases
'hls' 'hlsearch' Highlight all matching phrases
Option names can be in full version , You can also use an abbreviated version .

7. Add... Before the options no You can turn off options ： :set noic

Lecture 7

1、 Get help

Use the online help system

Vim Have a detailed and comprehensive online help system . To start the help system , Please choose the following three ways
One of the ways ：
- Press down <HELP> key ( If there is one on the keyboard )
- Press down <F1> key ( If there is one on the keyboard )
- Input :help < enter >

Read the text in the help window to see how help works .
Input CTRL-W CTRL-W Enables you to jump between windows .
Input :q < enter > You can close the help window .

2、 Create startup script

Enable Vim Characteristics of

Vim It's more functional than Vi A lot more , But most of them are not enabled by default . In order to use more
characteristic , You have to create a vimrc file .

1. Start editing vimrc file , The specific command depends on the operating system you are using ：
:edit ~/.vimrc This is a Unix Commands used by the system
:edit $VIM/_vimrc This is a MS-Windows Commands used by the system

2. Then read vimrc The contents of the sample file ：
:r $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim

3. Save the file , The order is ：
:write

Next time you start Vim when , The editor will have the function of syntax highlighting .
You can add your favorite settings to this vimrc In file .
To learn more, type :help vimrc-intro