51 MCU flowers, farmland automatic irrigation system development, proteus simulation, schematic diagram and C code

The design requirements
1. Design a method based on 51 MCU flowers 、 Automatic farmland irrigation system ;

2. Able to detect soil moisture , When it is lower than the set lower limit , Start the water pump for irrigation , And provide corresponding audible and visual alarm indication ;

3. The upper and lower limits of humidity can be set by pressing the key ;

4. The soil moisture data and the upper and lower limits of moisture are passed LCD1602 The display shows ;

5. Complete the selection of system components 、 Circuit drawing and C Programming ;

System Overview
Design scheme of automatic watering irrigation system , With AT89C51 Single chip microcomputer is the control core , Using a modular design approach .

The components are ：5V Power supply module 、 Soil moisture sensor module 、ADC0832 A / D conversion module 、 Water pump control module 、 Key input module 、LCD Display module and audible and visual alarm module , The structure is as follows .

Working principle is ： The soil moisture sensor measures the analog signal of soil moisture , the AD The converter converts the analog signal into digital signal and then transmits it to 51 Single chip microcomputer , The single chip microcomputer compares the soil moisture data with the set upper and lower limits .

When the soil moisture is below the lower limit , Drive the water pump for irrigation , And provide audible and visual alarm . When soil moisture increases above the lower limit , The audible and visual alarm is off , But the pump will continue to work , Until the soil moisture continues to increase and exceeds the set upper limit .

The user can set the upper and lower limits of humidity by pressing the key , The soil moisture data and the upper and lower limit data are passed LCD The display screen shows in real time .


Schematic diagram

Simulation analysis
open Proteus Simulation file , Its suffix is .DSN. Double click the MCU , load AutoWater.hex file （ be located Keil C In the program folder ）, Run the simulation , give the result as follows .

It can be seen from the picture that ,LCD Displays the currently measured soil moisture （Humidity） by 53%, The upper limit of humidity preset by the system （H：High Abbreviation ） by 60%, Lower limit （L：Low Abbreviation ） by 30%, The soil moisture is normal , Within the upper and lower limits .

here , Low humidity alarm light and buzzer are off , Relay RL1 Turn the switch to the bottom , The water pump is in a state of power failure .

By adjusting the sliding rheostat RV2（ Click the two red arrows up and down with the mouse ）, Change input to ADC0832 Sampling channels 0 To simulate the change of soil moisture .

Click on RV2 Downward red arrow , Simulate the reduction of soil moisture . for example , When the soil moisture changes from 53% Reduce to 23%, Below the lower limit 30% when , Red LED The warning lamp is on , The buzzer makes a sound , Relay RL1 Turn the switch to the top , The water pump is energized , Start automatic watering , The green water pump working indicator light is also on .

Click on RV2 The upward red arrow , Simulate the increase of soil moisture .

When the soil moisture changes from 23% Increased to 37%, When the lower limit is exceeded , The audible and visual alarm stops working , But the pump will continue to work , Until the soil moisture continues to increase above the upper limit , The process is as follows .


It should be noted that , The water pump stops working （ namely ： Soil moisture exceeds the upper limit ） after , Adjust the RV2 Simulate the decline of soil moisture , When it falls within the upper and lower limits , The water pump will not start , Only when the soil moisture continues to drop below the lower limit will it start .

Press the key to preset the upper and lower limits of humidity .

Click on “ Set up ” key , Enter the upper and lower limit setting mode , First of all H The upper limit cursor flashes , At this point, you can click Add / Minus the key , Change the size of the upper limit .

After the upper limit value is set , Click on “ Set up ” key ,L The lower limit cursor flashes , Empathy , Click Add / Minus the key , Change the size of the lower limit .

After the upper and lower limits are set , Click again on the “ Set up ” key , Exit the upper and lower limit setting mode . for example , We set the upper limit of humidity H by 75%, Lower limit L by 25%, The results are shown in the following figure .

in summary , The simulation results meet the design requirements .

Part of the code

void main()				// The main function 
{
    
	Init1602();						 // Initialize the LCD function 
	init();							 // Initialize the timer 
	init_eeprom();  // Start initializing the saved data 
	while(1)						 // Into the loop 
	{
    
		for(m=0;m<50;m++)			// read 50 Time AD value 
			sum = adc0832(0)+sum;	// Read about AD value , Add the read data to the tired data sum
		temp=sum/50;				// Jump out of the top for After the cycle , Divide the total of the accumulation by 50 Get the average temp
		sum=0; 						// After the average calculation is completed , Clear the total 
		temp = temp*0.390625;		//ADC0832 Store data as 1 Bytes , The humidity display range is 0~100, therefore 1 Unit humidity =100/256=0.390625 
// if(temp<=full_range)
// temp=(temp*100)/full_range;
// else
// temp=100;
		if(set==0)					 //set by 0, It indicates that it is not in the setting state 
			Display_1602(temp,MH,ML);// Show AD Values and alarm values 
		if(temp<ML&&set==0)	         // The humidity value is less than the alarm value 
		{
    
			flag=1;					 // Turn on the alarm 
			Relay=0;					 // The relay contacts are closed , Water pump operation 
			LED_R=0;					  // The red light is on 
		}
		else if(temp>MH&&set==0)     // The humidity value is greater than the alarm value 
		{
    
			flag=0;					 // Turn off the alarm 
			Relay=1;					 // Relay contacts open , The water pump stops 
			LED_R=1;					  // The red light goes out 
		}
		else
		{
    
			flag=0;
			LED_R=1;			      // The red light goes out 
		}
		Key();						 // Call the key function 
	}
}

Information content
（1） be based on 51 Single chip microcomputer 、 Design of farmland automatic irrigation system ;

（2）Proteus Simulation file ;

（3）C Program files ;

（4） Schematic file ;

（5）Visio Flow chart file ;

（6） Reference material ;

（7） List of components ;

Data figure





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