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Basic concepts of website construction and management

2022-04-23 15:33:00 【Xiao Liu has a lot of money】

The basic concept of website construction and management

Chapter one ： The introduction

Static web pages and dynamic web pages
- Advantages of static web pages
  - Fast response
  - Less server resources
  - For a lot of user access , The technology of generating static pages used by large static websites .
  - Pages and applications are separate
  - Easy to search engine included
- Advantages of dynamic web pages
  - Dynamic web pages ： Through execution ASP,PHP,JSP,ASP.NET And other programs generated by the client web page code
  - Based on Database Technology , Greatly reduce the workload of website maintenance
  - The functions that can be realized by websites using dynamic web page technology
web The server
- Programs of some type of computer residing on the Internet
- Use http( Hypertext transfer protocol ), Information exchange with client browser , People often call him HTTP The server
- Common servers ：
  - Apache
  - IIS
  - GEF: It's Google's web The server
  - Nginx
  - Lighttpd
  - Tomcat
Web browser
- Web browsers mainly use HTTP The protocol interacts with the web server and obtains web pages , These pages are provided by url( Uniform resource locator .) Appoint , The file format is usually HTML, And in MIME stay HTTP The agreement specifies .
CGI( Universal gateway interface )
- One of the earliest web Database connection technology
ASP( Active server page ）
Jsp( Server page )
DHTML( dynamic HTML)
- It's not language
Station building tools ：
- Also known as Content manager , Use database count (cms=>content management system )
  - collection , Arrangement , classification , to examine , Release , management …
  - Common site building procedures ：
    - DedeCms
    - JTBCCMS
    - DNN
    - Kooboo
Website type
- Information portals ： Sina 、 sohu 、 NetEase
- Enterprise brand websites ：
  - Corporate image ： Duoheng
  - The brand image ： BMW website
  - Product image ： lenovo
- Trading websites ：
  - B2B: Alibaba 、 hc360
  - B2C： JD.COM 、 Amazon 、 Dangdang
  - C2C： TaoBao 、 ebay
- Community websites ：
  - mop
  - The end of the world
- Office and government websites
- Interactive game website
- Functional website ： Baidu

Chapter two ： Website planning

Section 1 ： Demand analysis

Website planning refers to analyzing the market before website construction 、 Determine the purpose and function of the website , And according to the needs of the website construction technology … Make a plan
The final embodiment of website planning is to write website planning book
The most basic task of requirement analysis :
- Clarify the purpose of the station , Carry out feasibility analysis
There are three main purposes of building the station ：
- Publicity of corporate image
- Enterprise data display
- Electronic Commerce
The feasibility analysis of website construction mainly considers some aspects ：
- Products and services
- Target market positioning
- market environment
- Price
- Logistics distribution mode
- The marketing strategy
In the second quarter ： Determine the network function and content
- Determine the content of the website ：
  - Site structure diagram
  - The navigation bar
  - Contact page
  - Feedback form
  - Comment page
  - Fascinating content
  - Frequently asked questions
  - Search page
  - News page
  - link
- Briefly describe the principles of setting up website Columns
  - Stick to the theme
  - Guide the maze 、 Clear navigation
  - Set up the latest update or website guide column
  - Set up download or FAQ Columns
  In the third quarter ： Website directory structure
  - Set root
  - Set up subdirectories according to the content of the column
  - The construction level is simple , The meaning is concise 、 A clear directory
  - A special picture directory should be set up
  The fourth quarter, ： Website development technical scheme
  - Architecture scheme of website server
  - Choose the operating system
  - Adopt systematic solutions and other enterprise Internet access solutions provided by the company 、 E-commerce solutions are still developed by ourselves ？
  - Determine relevant program development
  - Determine the domain name of the website
  - Website security measures anti hacking 、 Anti virus program
  Section 7 ： Website testing and publishing
  - written words 、 Whether there are errors in the picture
  - Whether there are errors in the program and database
  - Whether there are errors in the link
  Section 9 ： Website maintenance
  - Server and related software and hardware maintenance , Evaluate possible problems , Set response time
  - Database maintenance
  - Content update and adjustment
  - Make rules for website maintenance , Institutionalize website maintenance 、 Normalization

The third chapter ： Domain name and server planning

Section 1 ： Website domain name planning

Internet to ip Address as the unique identification of the server on the network
- ip Address ： Internet protocol address , Internet protocol address , yes ip A uniform address format provided by the protocol , He assigns a logical address to every network and host on the Internet , In order to shield the difference of physical address .
The domain name on the Internet is unique
Domain name resolution Resolution service （DNS）
Domain name division method ：
- By Region ： Domestic and international , Top level domain names are divided into domestic domain names and international domain names
  - The international ：
    - 26 Letters 、10 Arabic numbers as well as “-” form , The cross bar cannot be used as the start and end characters
    - The international domain name cannot exceed 67 Characters ( Include .com、.net、 and .org etc. )
    - The domain name cannot contain spaces , In the domain name , English letters are case insensitive
  - At home ：
    - Register domestic domain name ( That is to say .cn Domain name of )
    - The following cannot be named ：
      - Domain names in other countries and regions (ccTLD) Established headset category domain name (21 individual )
      - Category top-level domain name (gTLD)(37 individual )
      - Common surnames (304 individual )
- By level ： Top-level domain name 、 Two level domain name 、 Three level domain name …( It's getting bigger and bigger from left to right )
- Domain name application steps ：
  - Log in to China wanwang
  - Check whether the domain name is registered
  - Register a new domain name

In the second quarter ： Server planning

Features of the server ：
- reliability （7*24 Work ）
- Extensibility ( Scalability and redundancy conditions )
- manageability ( Such as alarm 、 redundancy 、 Backup 、 Online diagnostics )
- High availability ( Provide one or more services for multiple users at the same time )
The server is generally through multiple symmetric processors (cpu Even numbers )、 Large capacity high speed memory 、 Gigabit network connection to ensure performance .
Classification of servers
- According to the network ：
  - beginner ( Only one piece cpu)
  - Working group level (1-2 individual cpu)
  - Department level (2-4 individual cpu)
  - Enterprise class (4-8 individual cpu)
- According to the structure ：
  - CISC Based on complex computer instruction system ( Intel Architecture technology )
  - RISC Reduced instruction computers ( Non Intel Architecture technology )
- By use :
  - Universal
  - special
- According to appearance ：
  - Tower servers ( The most frequently used server at present )
  - Rack servers ( Focus only on one aspect )
  - Blade servers （ High availability 、 high-density 、 Low cost servers ）
Purchase of website server ：
- The website mainly needs two kinds of service support ：
  - Database services
  - web service
- Stable performance , Take sufficiency as the criterion , Scalability should be considered
- Website development environment , Operating environment and data storage environment

In the third quarter ： Access planning

Dial up access
ADSL
Private line access
- DDN
wireless access
- wlan( WLAN ) Using RF technology (RF)
Power network access
- Power line carrier
LAN access
- Fiber to home

Chapter four ： Planning of platform tools

Section 1 ： Choice of operating system
- Software system necessary for building website
  - Database management system
  - Website information management system
  - Server operating system
    - Windows, Representative works ：windows server
    - UNIX representative ：HP-UX,IBM ALX
    - Linux Although it's a rising star , But it is open and cost-effective
    - In addition, if the enterprise needs a large number of servers , Virtualization software can be used to centrally manage servers ： VMware vSphere, Installed VMware Workstation The operating system of is the host operating system ,VMware Workstation The operating system running is a virtual machine
In the third quarter ：Web The server
- IIS The server ( stay iis On the configuration web The server , Default port 80) Information server
  - Microsoft launched
  - Mainly for providing various services Internet service , Such as erection web service 、 Provide users with web browsing Services 、 Set up Newsgroup server 、 Set up a mail server 、 Provide file transfer services …
- Apache( Open source web server )
The fourth quarter, ： database
- Single-line comments ：–
- Block annotation ：/*…*/

The fifth chapter : Layout Page

Section 1 ： Website style
Website style mainly includes ：
- Site CI
- Layout Page
- How to browse
- Interactivity
- Web presentation
Website style : The overall image of the website 、 Main tone 、 Website content 、 Website color block line formation
In the second quarter ： Website layout design
- Briefly describe the design principles of website layout
  - Normal balance
  - Abnormal balance
  - contrast
  - gaze
  - blank
- Common types ：
  - Guozi, also known as Tongzi
  - Corner type
  - Title Text ( There is not much content, but there are more illustrative things )
  - Left and right frame type ( Easy to browse , Fast , But not flexible , General forums use this structure )
  - Upper and lower frame type
  - Cover type ( Displaying the corporate image is the first choice , The general performance is exquisite graphic design and small animation and links )
    - be lively and vivid , Simple and clear
  - Flash type ( Rich and flexible , But it can't express more text messages )
- Layout technology
  - Table layout technology
    - Deal with different objects
  - Frame layout
    - obsolete , Response delay
  - div and css
In the third quarter ： Page elements
- Header and footer
- logo
- banner
- Hyperlinks
- The navigation bar ( A set of hyperlinks )
- Text and pictures
- multimedia
- Forms
The fourth quarter, ： Page color matching

Chapter six ： Tools for building stations

kooboo CMS It's based on c# Language and ASP.NET System's fast website development tool
kooboo CMS The process of building the station ：
- Design and upload website template —— Create a website —— Create a content database —— Add layout —— Add view —— Create a page
kooboo cms The content database includes text content and media content
kooboo cms Create a content database ：
- First create the content type
- Create content
kooboo cms Divide the site into three parts ：
- User management
- Site management
- Content database management

Chapter vii. ： Website testing and uploading

Section 1 ： Website testing
- The workflow of website testing
  - Developers page test the completed modules
  - According to the test results , Make the corresponding changes
  - Professionals conduct a comprehensive test of the website , Put forward suggestions for modification
  - Developers make changes
  - Website upload and release test
  - Developers make changes
  - The website is officially released
In the second quarter ： Type of website test
- A functional test
- Link test (Xenu Tool software , No installation required )
- Form test ( Boundary test , Equivalence class testing , Exception class test )
- Cookies test
  - Cookies A term is used to explain ：
    - Cookies It's a small piece of text message , With the user's request and page in Web Transfer between server and browser .Cookies Include every time a user visits the site Web User information that can be read by applications
- Design language tests
- Database test ( Data consistency error , Output error )
- Performance testing
  - Connection speed test
    - The speed at which users connect to the website varies with the way they surf the Internet ( If using wireless 、 Broadband 、 Optical fiber, etc ) And change
  - The load test
    - Load testing is to test the performance of a website at a certain load level , To ensure the normal operation of the website within the scope of requirements , The website should be published after .
  - Pressure test (OpenSTA Tool testing )
    - The stress test is conducted at a load level beyond the normal level , Long time continuous operation system , test Web The performance and response of various properties of the website
- The interface test
  - Server interface ( Interface between browser and server )
  - External interface
  - Error handling
- Usability testing
  - Navigation test
  - Graphic test
  - Content testing
  - Overall interface test
    - User participation
- Compatibility test
  - Platform testing
  - Browser Test
  - Video test
- Safety test (SAINT Tools )
- Security test is mainly to test how to deal with the unauthorized internal or external malicious damage of the website , Whether it can ensure the security of data and pages .
- Directory settings
- Sign in
- Session
- Log files
- encryption
- Security vulnerabilities
In the third quarter ： Website upload
- Upload databases and websites
- Upload before official release
  - utilize CuteFTP Tool to quickly complete the task of website upload
  - It is generally used FTP( File transfer protocol )
  - There must be two programs running :FTP Client and FTP The server
The fourth quarter, ： Officially release the website opening information
- Open after test
- Website testing runs through the whole process of website construction , Until the website is published

Chapter viii. ： Website promotion

Section 1 ： Develop website promotion plan
- Free website promotion
  - SEO Optimize website content , So as to improve the ranking of the website in the search engine
  - In the BBS , Microblogging , Blog , WeChat ,qq Wait for the platform to release information
  - Publish external links to websites on other popular platforms
In the second quarter ： Common methods of website promotion
- Based on traditional media
  - Traditional advertising ( newspaper , radio broadcast , TV )
- Based on email
  - There are two ways of mass mailing ：
    - Use the server of the website to the e-mail address and interests of mobile phone users
    - Using the developed email group sending software
- be based on Web
  - Blog ( It's bidirectional )
    - Independent blog
    - Platform blog
    - Open up a blog section on the original website
  - Microblogging ( Integration and openness )
  - video
  - Search engine promotion
  - Viral website promotion ( Use users' word-of-mouth to promote websites )
- Based on mobile terminal
  - SMS marketing
  - Wechat Promotion
In the third quarter ： Search engine promotion
- How search engines work
  - Spider, The captured web page becomes a snapshot of the web page
- There are three ways for search engines
  - Full text search engine
  - Directory engine
  - Meta search engine
- Common factors affecting search engine ranking
  - Server factor
  - Website content
  - title and meta label
  - Design details of web pages
  - URL Path factor
  - Website link structure and backlinks
- SEO Strategy
  - Keyword selection strategy
  - Website structure optimization strategy
  - SEO Execution strategy

Chapter nine Website reviews

Section 1 ： Website evaluation and unification
- The search ranking of the website
- Website traffic statistics and analysis indicators
  - The basis of website access statistical analysis is to obtain the basic data of website traffic , Divided into three categories ：
    - Website traffic indicators
      - Number of independent visitors (uv)
      - Number of repeat visitors
      - Page views (pv)
      - Page views per visitor (pvpu)
      - Page display times
      - Number of file downloads
    - User behavior indicators
      - How long does the user stay on the site
      - Search engines and keywords used by users
      - User source website
      - User access in different periods
    - The way users browse the website
In the second quarter : Website management and maintenance

Website management and maintenance system Generally include :
- Formulate a scientific and reasonable website management system
- Log management system
  - Focus on checking the operating system log
  - windows The operating system can use the event viewer to see Windows Log 、 Application and service logs
- Data backup and recovery system
- Authority system
  - Network access permission operation permission
    - Two implementation methods of permission control ： The trustee assigns , Inherit permission mask
    - The effective permissions of a user on a file or target depend on the following factors ：
      - Assigned trustee
      - The delegator of the user's group assigns
      - Inherit the user permission that the permission mask cancels
  - Directory security control permissions
  - Attribute security control permission
  - Network server control permission
  - Network monitoring and locking permissions
In the third quarter ： Website security
- The main content of website security
  - Anti hacker
    - Password attack ( brute-force attack , Fake login interface method , Get the password through network monitoring )
    - Trojan horse attack
    - Loophole attack
    - Denial of service attacks , It means that legal users cannot access the required information , It USES TCP/IP Defects in the agreement
    - Deceptive attack (ip Deceptive attack , Email spoofing attack , Web spoofing attacks )
    - Sniffer attacks ( For simple hubs , For switched networks )
    - Conversation hijacking attack
    - Cookie attack
    - Cross Station Request Forgery Attack
  - Anti virus
    - Computer virus is a kind of computer program , Is an executable instruction code , It's very contagious , A certain latency , Specific trigger and very destructive
  - Database security system
    - ssl( Secure socket layer )
- Computer anti-virus technology
  - Virus code scanning
  - Artificial intelligence trap
  - Prophet scanning ： Specifically for unknown computer viruses
  - Active kernel technology
The fourth quarter, ： Website upgrade
- Determinants of website upgrade
  - Website access speed
  - Website business functions
  - Processing of website concurrency
  - Website security and reliability
- Buffer for data exchange , Caching technologies in websites include
  - Caching in Architecture
  - Web site program development cache
- Content of website upgrade ：
  - Upgrade of hardware platform
  - Web Server upgrade
  - Database upgrade
  - Upgrade of website programming technology
  - Upgrade of website functions

Wrong questions

kooboo CMS The database used is called Content databases , The default storage method Text data use XML How files are stored
Website upgrades include Hardware upgrade and software upgrade
domain name ：
- It's a string of names separated by dots Internet The name of a computer or computer unit , Used to locate and identify the computer during data transmission
The navigation bar ：
- Is a set of hyperlinks used to point users to the home page or other pages of this website
The server ：
- It's some kind of computer program that resides on the Internet
Implement the query process ：
- On the browser side , The user fills in the query form , It includes query keywords and keyword logical combination
- The server queries the corresponding keywords in its side file , Find documents that contain these keywords
- The server forms the query results into HTML Expand the file (HTX file ), Send it back to the browser
Transaction log backup copies only the transaction log
Differential backup ： Differential backup is relative to full backup , It also backs up the files that have changed since the last full backup , The biggest difference between the two is , Differential backup is performed after the backup action is completed , The archive mark of the file will not be cleared , And incremental backup will .
The index service stores all its index information in Catalogue in
The transaction log is used to save Update the data
by web Server file and directory settings NTFS Process and steps of permission
- Convert the current hard disk to NTFS Partition
establish WINDOWS User account or group
- Set access permissions for files and directories
Distinguish... In the network FTP Site The only unique identifier of is ：IP Address and port number
pingingwww.baidu.com-t Parameters in t The meaning is ： Continuous test
windows2000server The default indexing service of the system is Manual
The website system platform includes Hardware platform and software platform
Website software platform is a necessary software system for building websites
Part of the website ： Webpage , domain name , Space
about FTP Site , The log file format does not include ：W4C Format
iis Authentication in progress www Method ：
- Anonymous Authentication 、 Basic verification
- windows Brief verification of domain server
- Integrate windows Authentication , Certificate validation
Backup method ： Full backup , Bulk logging , Simple backup , Does not include full backups
Web testing skills ： Web content testing , Testing scripts and programs , Web link test
Access Microsoft Corporation Office A component in software , Is a small database system , Support website database service function
Windows2000 Built in catalog
- System catalog
- Web Catalogue
  - In general use Web Catalog as IIS The main catalog of the site index
Common web publishing methods
- E-mail
- FTP
- Direct Directory Publishing
Web Part of the site identity
- IP Address , Host header ,TCP Port number
Issues to consider when selecting a server certification authority
How does the certification authority verify the identity
Whether the certification authority is a verified trusted authority
What is the initial cost of the certificate and the cost of renewal or other services
If you need to process a large number of queries at the same time , You can move the slider to ： High load
Access control is in the process of security management , End of judgment WEB The server permission is determined immediately after the access is allowed NTFS Permission to access
IIS The default anonymous access user account is ：IUSR_computername
Cannot be used to create your own audit ：WindowsOffice
SQLServer The device type of database backup provided ： Disk device , Tape devices , Name pipeline equipment and personal backup
anonymous FTP： Allow users to log in and download files for free FTP
FTP The site does not support domain name user restrictions
Features of index ： Zero maintenance design
SQL Language is Nonverbal process
Windows Can be installed in the operating system IIS Components establish FTP Site
The log file does not belong to a filegroup
The minimum number of connections does not belong to FTP Site messages
open Access Database time , It should be opened extension mdb The file of
The extension of the secondary data file is ：.NDF
Internet A server widely used in is ：FTP
SQLServer use Customer / The server Computer mode
anonymous FTP Verification has no requirements for customers
Uniform resource locator URL It consists of three parts ：
- agreement
- file name
- NETBIOS service
FTP： Both depend on Telnet And depend on TCP
FTP The identification in the site tab includes ： Site description ,IP Address ,TCP Port number
The main database file is used to store data , It is the starting point for all database files
MMC Microsoft Management Console
Database management system is the core of database
Data files are stored Data and databases Object file
FTP The role of virtual directory ： It is very convenient to remap and expand the file structure FTP The storage capacity of the service
By default ,FTP Documents of type cannot be indexed