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Installation and management procedures
2022-04-23 16:35:00 【qjwthink】
Structure of this chapter
Source code compilation and installation
Linux Application Basics
The relationship between applications and system commands
role | System commands | Applications |
file location | Generally in /bin and /sbin Directory , Or for Shell Internal instructions | Usually in /usr/bin and /usr/sbin Directory |
Main uses | Complete the basic management of the system , for example IP Configuration tool | Complete other relatively independent auxiliary tasks , For example, web browser |
Apply to the environment | — Generally, it only runs in the character operation interface | According to actual needs , Some programs can be run in a graphical interface |
Run format | — Including command word 、 Command options and command parameters | There is usually no fixed execution format |
The directory structure of a typical application
file type | Save the directory |
Common execution program file | /usr/bin |
Server executor files and hypervisor files | /usr/sbin |
Application configuration files | /etc |
Log files | /var/log |
Application reference documentation | /usr/share/doc |
Application man page file | /usr/local/share/man |
Common package packaging types
file type | Save the directory |
RPM software package | extension “.rpm" |
DEB software package | It's usually ".tar.gz" 、 ".tar.bz2” Compressed packages in other formats |
Source code package | It's usually ".tar.gz" 、 ".tar.bz2” Compressed packages in other formats Contains the original code of the program |
Green installation free software package | Packages have different extensions , With TarBall Most of the formats The compiled execution program files are provided in the compressed package, and the files after unpacking the compressed package can be used directly |
RPM Package management tools
RPM Package management tools
Red-Hat Package Manager
from red hat The company proposed , Be numerous Linux The distribution uses
Create a unified database file
Detailed record package installation 、 Change information such as uninstall
Analyze package dependencies by yourself
RPM software package
Software material reference :http://www.rpm.org
General naming format :
Mount mount Your bag is in your CD-ROM drive, not in the system
For the CD-ROM package, I have to mount my system first
Everything is a document The hardware can't be a file, so I can't use it
What is mount
That is to mount the hardware, such as hard disk and optical drive, in the directory for use , Turn him into a file
It's like your file is equivalent to the data in the system , And your file ( Hardware device ) yes gz
Example :
rpm Command format
rpm Commands can implement almost all of the rpm The management function of software package
perform “man rpm” Command can get information about rpm Command details help
rpm Command function
Inquire about 、 verification RPM Information about the package
install 、 upgrade 、 uninstall RPM software package
maintain RPM Database information and other comprehensive management operations
Inquire about RPM Package information
Query for installed RPM Software information , Example :
rpm -q[ Suboptions ][ The software name ]
Common options
-qa All installed software packages in the current system
-qi Details
-ql Specify the list of software catalog files
-qc Configuration file of installed software
-qd Configuration document of installed software
-qf Reverse view the installation package of the program
Query not installed RPM Information in the package file
rpm -qp[ Suboptions ] RPM Package file
Common options
-qpi、-qpl、-qpc、-qpd
Difference diagram
maintain RPM database
The reconstruction RPM database , command
[root@localhost ~]# rpm --rebuilddb or
[root@localhost ~]# rpm --initdb
Import validation public key
[root@localhost ~]# rpm --import /medialcdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Solutions to package dependencies
1、 When installing multiple software with dependencies
(1) The dependent package needs to be installed first
(2) Multiple can be specified at the same time .rpm Package files for installation
2、 When uninstalling multiple software with dependencies
(1) Packages that depend on other programs need to be uninstalled first
(2) You can specify multiple software names to uninstall at the same time
3、 Ignore dependencies
(1) combination “--nodeps” Options , But it can lead to software exceptions
Construction of local source
yum yes rpm Upgraded software 、 It can help you install dependencies
yum Configuration file for
Construction of local source
1、 Switch to /etc/yum.repos.d
2、 To prevent network files from affecting local files , Create a new folder , Removal yum.repos.d Source file
3、 newly build .repo, Enter the following in it
4、 hold /dev/sr0 Mount to mnt On
4、 install dhcp
5、 Turn off firewall
setenforce 0
close selinux A system security protection
systemctl stop firewalld.service
Turn off the firewall function
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https://yzsam.com/2022/04/202204231624474200.html
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