Structure of this chapter

Source code compilation and installation

Linux Application Basics

The relationship between applications and system commands

role	System commands	Applications
file location	Generally in /bin and /sbin Directory , Or for Shell Internal instructions	Usually in /usr/bin and /usr/sbin Directory
Main uses	Complete the basic management of the system , for example IP Configuration tool	Complete other relatively independent auxiliary tasks , For example, web browser
Apply to the environment	— Generally, it only runs in the character operation interface	According to actual needs , Some programs can be run in a graphical interface
Run format	— Including command word 、 Command options and command parameters	There is usually no fixed execution format

The directory structure of a typical application

file type	Save the directory
Common execution program file	/usr/bin
Server executor files and hypervisor files	/usr/sbin
Application configuration files	/etc
Log files	/var/log
Application reference documentation	/usr/share/doc
Application man page file	/usr/local/share/man

Common package packaging types  

file type	Save the directory
RPM software package	extension “.rpm"
DEB software package	It's usually ".tar.gz" 、 ".tar.bz2” Compressed packages in other formats
Source code package	It's usually ".tar.gz" 、 ".tar.bz2” Compressed packages in other formats Contains the original code of the program
Green installation free software package	Packages have different extensions , With TarBall Most of the formats The compiled execution program files are provided in the compressed package, and the files after unpacking the compressed package can be used directly

RPM Package management tools

RPM Package management tools

Red-Hat Package Manager

from red hat The company proposed , Be numerous Linux The distribution uses

Create a unified database file

Detailed record package installation 、 Change information such as uninstall

Analyze package dependencies by yourself

RPM software package

Software material reference ：http://www.rpm.org

General naming format ：

Mount mount Your bag is in your CD-ROM drive, not in the system

For the CD-ROM package, I have to mount my system first

Everything is a document The hardware can't be a file, so I can't use it

What is mount

That is to mount the hardware, such as hard disk and optical drive, in the directory for use , Turn him into a file

It's like your file is equivalent to the data in the system , And your file （ Hardware device ） yes gz

Example ：

rpm Command format

rpm Commands can implement almost all of the rpm The management function of software package

perform “man rpm” Command can get information about rpm Command details help

rpm Command function

Inquire about 、 verification RPM Information about the package

install 、 upgrade 、 uninstall RPM software package

maintain RPM Database information and other comprehensive management operations

Inquire about RPM Package information

Query for installed RPM Software information , Example ：

rpm -q[ Suboptions ][ The software name ]

Common options

-qa All installed software packages in the current system

-qi Details

-ql Specify the list of software catalog files

-qc Configuration file of installed software

-qd Configuration document of installed software

-qf Reverse view the installation package of the program

Query not installed RPM Information in the package file

rpm -qp[ Suboptions ] RPM Package file

Common options

-qpi、-qpl、-qpc、-qpd

Difference diagram

maintain RPM database

The reconstruction RPM database , command

[root@localhost ~]# rpm --rebuilddb or

[root@localhost ~]# rpm --initdb

Import validation public key

[root@localhost ~]# rpm --import /medialcdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

Solutions to package dependencies

1、 When installing multiple software with dependencies

（1） The dependent package needs to be installed first

（2） Multiple can be specified at the same time .rpm Package files for installation

2、 When uninstalling multiple software with dependencies

（1） Packages that depend on other programs need to be uninstalled first

（2） You can specify multiple software names to uninstall at the same time

3、 Ignore dependencies

（1） combination “--nodeps” Options , But it can lead to software exceptions

Construction of local source

yum yes rpm Upgraded software 、 It can help you install dependencies

yum Configuration file for

Construction of local source

1、 Switch to /etc/yum.repos.d

2、 To prevent network files from affecting local files ,  Create a new folder , Removal yum.repos.d Source file

3、 newly build .repo, Enter the following in it

 

4、 hold /dev/sr0 Mount to mnt On

 

4、 install dhcp

5、 Turn off firewall

setenforce 0

close selinux A system security protection

systemctl stop firewalld.service

Turn off the firewall function