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Creation of RAID disk array and RAID5
2022-04-23 16:27:00 【qjwthink】
Catalog
One 、RAID Disk array Introduction
2、RAID 0 Disk array Introduction
3、RAID1 Disk array Introduction
4、RAID 5 Disk array Introduction
5、RAID 6 Disk array Introduction
6、RAID 1+0 Disk array Introduction
3、 ... and 、RAID5 The creation of
One 、RAID Disk array Introduction
yes Redundant Array of Independent Disks Abbreviation , Chinese abbreviation is independent redundant disk array
Combine multiple independent physical hard disks in different ways to form a hard disk group ( Logical hard disk ), So as to provide higher storage performance than a single hard disk and provide data backup technology
The different ways to make up a disk array are called RAID Level (RAID Levels)
Two 、 frequently-used RAID
1、 frequently-used RAID Level
RAID0,RAID1,RAID5,RAID6,RAID1+0 etc.
2、RAID 0 Disk array Introduction
RAID 0
1、RAID 0 Divide data continuously in bits or bytes , Read in parallel / Write on multiple disks , Therefore, it has high data transmission rate , But it has no data redundancy
2、RAID 0 Just to improve the performance , There is no guarantee for the reliability of the data , And a disk failure will affect all data
3、RAID 0 It can't be used in the situation with high data security requirements
3、RAID1 Disk array Introduction
RAID 1
1、 Realize data redundancy through disk data mirroring , Generate backup data on a pair of independent disks
2、 When raw data is busy , Data can be read directly from the mirror copy , therefore RAID 1 Can improve read performance
3、RAID1 It's the highest cost per unit in a disk array , But it provides high data security and availability . When a disk fails , The system can automatically switch to read and write on the mirror disk , And there's no need to reorganize failed data
4、RAID 5 Disk array Introduction
RAID 5
1、N(N>=3) The disks form an array , A data generation N-1 A strip , As well as 1 Check data , common N The data is in N Cycle balanced storage on the block disk
2、N Read and write at the same time , High reading performance , But because of the problem of checking mechanism , Write performance is relatively low
3、(N-1)/N Disk utilization
4、 High reliability , Allow bad 1 Block plate , It doesn't affect all the data
5、RAID 6 Disk array Introduction
RAID 6
1、N(N>=4) The disks form an array ,(N-2)/N Disk utilization
2、 And RAID 5 comparison ,RAID 6 A second independent parity block is added
3、 Two independent parity systems use different algorithms , Even if two disks fail at the same time, data usage will not be affected
4、 be relative to RAID 5 There are bigger ones “ Write loss “, Therefore, the write performance is poor
6、RAID 1+0 Disk array Introduction
RAID 1+0
1、N( even numbers ,N>=4) After two disks are mirrored , Then combine it into a RAID 0
2、N/2 Disk utilization
3、N/2 All disks are written simultaneously ,N All disks are read at the same time
4、 High performance , High reliability
7、 Array card introduction
Array cards are used to implement RAID Function board
Is usually I/O processor 、 Hard disk controller 、 It is composed of a series of components such as hard disk connector and cache
Different RAID Card supported RAID Different functions
For example, support RAIDO、RAID1、RAID5、RAID10 etc.
RAID The interface type of the card
IDE Interface 、SCSI Interface 、SATA Interface and SAS Interface
8、 Array card cache
1、 cache (Cache) yes RAID The place where the card exchanges data with the external bus ,RAID The card transfers the data to the cache first , Then the data is exchanged between the cache and the external data bus
2、 The size and speed of the cache are directly related to RAID The actual transmission speed of the card is an important factor
3、 Different RAID The memory capacity of the card is different when it is delivered from the factory , Generally, the capacity varies from a few megabytes to hundreds of megabytes
3、 ... and 、RAID5 The creation of
Start operation preparation first
Add four hard disks to the virtual machine
1、 Check that... Is installed mdadm software package
rpm -q mdadm
yum install -y mdadm
2、 Use fdisk. The tool will the new disk device /dev/sdb、 /dev/sdc、 /dev/sdd、 /dev/sde
Divide the main partition sdb1、sdc1、 sdd1、 sde1, also
Put the partition type ID Change the tag number to "fd”
fdisk /dev/sdb
fdisk /dev/sdc
fdisk /dev/sdd
fdisk /dev/sde
for example :fdisk /dev/sde
The establishment can be completed through fdisk -l Check it out.
3、 establish RAID equipment
# establish RAID5
mdadm -C -v /dev/md0 -15 -n3 /dev/sd[bcd]1 -x1 /dev/sde1
Command word raid name Level -n Number of disks /dev/sde1 /dev/sdd1 Hot standby Partition device of hot spare
-C: Means new ;
-v: Show details of the creation process .
/dev/md5: establish RAID5 The name of .
-l: Appoint RAID The level of ,15 Representation creation RAID5..
-n: Specify how many hard disks to use to create RAID, n3 Said the use of 3 Block hard disk creation RAID.
/dev/sd [bcd]1: Specify to use this 3 Block disk partition to create RAID.
-x: Specify how many hard disks to use RAID Hot spare for ,x1 Express reservation 1 Spare a spare hard disk
/dev/sde1: Specify the disk to use as a spare
see RAID Disk details
cat /proc/mdstat # You can also view and create RAID Progress
perhaps
mdadm -D /dev/md0
# use watch Command to every - Refresh for a while /proc/mdstat The loss of Out
watch -n 10 ' cat /proc/mdstat '
# Check if the disk is EL do RAID.
mdadm -E /dev/sd[b-e] 1
4、 Create and mount file systems
mkfs -t xfs /dev/imd0
mkdir /myraid
mount /dev/md0 /myraid/
df -Th
Or do permanent mount
cp /etc/ fstab /etc/fstab.bak Backup
vim /etc/fstab Get into /etc/fstab Enter the following
/dev/md0 /myraid xfs defaults 0 0
mount -a
df -Th
5、 Achieve fault recovery
mdadm /dev/md0 -f /dev/sdb1 # simulation /dev/sdb1 fault
mdadm -D /dev/md0 # View discovery sde1 Replaced sdb1, Be careful to wait a little
Repair process
mdadm /dev/md0 -r /dev/sdb1 Remove the device
mdadm /dev/md0 -a /dev/ sdb1 Add equipment
RAID summary
RAID
RAID Level Number of hard disks Disk utilization Whether there is verification The ability to protect Write performance
RAID0 N( It can be for 1) N nothing nothing Of a single hard disk N times
RAID1 N( even numbers ) N/2. nothing Allow one - Device failure You need to write two pairs of storage devices , Prepare for each other
RAID5 N>=3 (N-1) /N Yes Allow a device failure Need to write calculation verification
RAID6 N>=4 (N-2) /N Yes Two equipment failures are allowed Double write calculation verification is required
RAID10 N>=4( even numbers ) N/2 nothing Allow one of the two base groups to be bad N/2 block The disk is written simultaneously
The probability that two disks will not lose data at the same time is 3 Divided 2
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