Upgrade MySQL 5.1 to 5.68

Modify the configuration file my.cnf

[root@upgrade-slave ~]# diff /tmp/old.my.cnf /tmp/new.my.cnf
11c11
< table_cache = 2048
---
> table_open_cache = 2048
18d17
< thread_concurrency = 8
22c21
< default_table_type = INNODB
---
> default_storage_engine = INNODB
44c43
< myisam_recover
---
> myisam_recover_options
48d46
< innodb_ibuf_max_size = 1G
[root@upgrade-slave ~]# 

Try to start mysql

[root@upgrade-slave ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql  start 
Starting MySQL (Percona Server)............                [  OK  ]
[root@upgrade-slave ~]# 

/var/lib/mysql/upgrade-slave.err The log still reports an error

151126 21:35:58 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql
2015-11-26 21:35:59 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2015-11-26 21:35:59 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.27-75.0-log) starting as process 15776 ...
2015-11-26 21:35:59 15776 [Warning] option 'innodb-autoextend-increment': unsigned value 33554432 adjusted to 1000
2015-11-26 21:35:59 15776 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled.
2015-11-26 21:35:59 7f104092f7e0 InnoDB: Warning: Using innodb_additional_mem_pool_size is DEPRECATED. This option may be removed in future releases, together with the option innodb_use_sys_malloc and with the InnoDB's internal memory allocator.
2015-11-26 21:35:59 15776 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
2015-11-26 21:35:59 15776 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
2015-11-26 21:35:59 15776 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2015-11-26 21:35:59 15776 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used
2015-11-26 21:35:59 15776 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
2015-11-26 21:35:59 15776 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2015-11-26 21:35:59 15776 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
2015-11-26 21:35:59 15776 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 20.0G
2015-11-26 21:36:06 15776 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2015-11-26 21:36:07 15776 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [Note] InnoDB:  Percona XtraDB (http://www.percona.com) 5.6.27-75.0 started; log sequence number 4538183224168
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: a6f64eac-9442-11e5-944e-44a842184bd8.
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [Note] RSA private key file not found: /var/lib/mysql//private_key.pem. Some authentication plugins will not work.
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [Note] RSA public key file not found: /var/lib/mysql//public_key.pem. Some authentication plugins will not work.
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '*'; port: 3306
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [Note] IPv6 is available.
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [Note]   - '::' resolves to '::';
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'.
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Missing system table mysql.proxies_priv; please run mysql_upgrade to create it
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [Warning] Info table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.slave_master_info' cannot be opened.
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [Warning] Info table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.slave_relay_log_info' cannot be opened.
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'cond_instances' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_waits_current' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_waits_history' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_waits_history_long' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_waits_summary_by_host_by_event_name' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_waits_summary_by_instance' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_waits_summary_by_thread_by_event_name' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_waits_summary_by_user_by_event_name' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_waits_summary_by_account_by_event_name' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_waits_summary_global_by_event_name' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'file_instances' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'file_summary_by_event_name' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'file_summary_by_instance' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'host_cache' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'mutex_instances' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'objects_summary_global_by_type' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'performance_timers' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'rwlock_instances' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'setup_actors' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'setup_consumers' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'setup_instruments' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'setup_objects' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'setup_timers' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'table_io_waits_summary_by_index_usage' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'table_io_waits_summary_by_table' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'table_lock_waits_summary_by_table' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'threads' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_stages_current' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_stages_history' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_stages_history_long' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_stages_summary_by_thread_by_event_name' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_stages_summary_by_account_by_event_name' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_stages_summary_by_user_by_event_name' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_stages_summary_by_host_by_event_name' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_stages_summary_global_by_event_name' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_statements_current' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_statements_history' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_statements_history_long' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_statements_summary_by_thread_by_event_name' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_statements_summary_by_account_by_event_name' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_statements_summary_by_user_by_event_name' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_statements_summary_by_host_by_event_name' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_statements_summary_global_by_event_name' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_statements_summary_by_digest' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'users' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'accounts' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'hosts' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'socket_instances' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'socket_summary_by_instance' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'socket_summary_by_event_name' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'session_connect_attrs' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'session_account_connect_attrs' has the wrong structure
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events
2015-11-26 21:36:09 15776 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections.
Version: '5.6.27-75.0-log'  socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock'  port: 3306  Percona Server (GPL), Release