Chapter four Intangible assets

One 、 Recognition and initial measurement of intangible assets

1、 Definition and characteristics of intangible assets

features ：

1. Resources owned or controlled by the enterprise and can bring economic benefits to it
2. No physical form
3. have identifiable sex （ Goodwill is not identifiable , Not intangible assets ）
4. Non monetary assets

Content of intangible assets ： patent right 、 Non patented technology 、 Trademark right 、 Copyright 、 The concession 、 land use right

 

2、 Initial measurement of intangible assets

       Measured at actual cost , That is to obtain intangible assets and All expenses incurred in bringing it to its intended purpose , Cost as intangible assets .

（1）、 Outsourcing ：

A、 Entry value = Purchase price + Related taxes + Other expenses directly attributable to the intended use of the asset （ Professional service fee 、 Test fee, etc ）

 

B、 The following items are not included in the initial cost of intangible assets ：

（a）、 Advertising expenses incurred to promote the introduction of new products 、 Management fees and other indirect costs

（b）、 Expenses incurred after intangible assets reach their intended use

 

C、 Deferred payment beyond normal credit terms （ More than a year , It has the nature of financing ）, Its cost is measured at its present value

 

（2）、 land use right

Land use right classification ：

purpose	features	Category
Self use	It can be calculated and priced separately	Intangible assets
	Cannot be accounted for separately	Fixed assets
sell	Real estate companies	stock
	Held for capital appreciation	Investment real estate
lease		Investment real estate

 

Amortization of land use rights ：

The status of land use rights	Included in
No real estate （ Own land ）	Management cost
Attached property （ The ground follows the room ）	Amortization according to the purpose of the property ： Amortization of land use right of plant ：   Manufacturing expenses Amortization of land use right of office building ： Management cost The land use right of rental housing is amortized under the cost model ： Other business costs
The property being built	Property costs

Two 、 Recognition and initial measurement of internal research and development expenditure

1、 Division of research stage and development stage

It is impossible to distinguish between research stage expenditure and development stage expenditure , All R & D expenses incurred shall be expensed and included in the current profit and loss

2、 Conditions related to expenditure capitalization in the development stage

（1）、 Technically feasible

（2）、 Have the intention to complete

（3）、 Can produce economic benefits （ example ： There is a market for intangible assets , There is a market for the products produced by using the intangible assets ）

（4）、 There are resources to support

（5）、 Can measure reliably

3、 Accounting treatment of internal research and development

（1）、 The basic principle of

    

（2）、 Account processing

First level subjects	Secondary subjects	Accounting treatment	Report items
R & D expenditure	Expensed expenses	Transfer in at the end of the period “ Management cost - R & D expenses ”	R & D expenses
	Capitalized expenditure	To achieve the intended purpose “ Intangible assets ”	Development expenditure

 

 

4、 Measurement of internal research and development

       The cost of internally developing intangible assets includes The total expenditure incurred from the time when the capitalization conditions are met to the time when the intangible assets reach the intended purpose .

       For the same intangible asset, before the capitalization conditions are met in the development process The expenses that have been expensed into the current profit and loss will not be adjusted .（ Cannot be adjusted retroactively ）.

 

 

Be careful ：（a）、 At the end of the term, you need to “ R & D expenditure — Expensed expenses ” into “ Management cost ”,

       (b)、 When it reaches the predetermined usable state, it will “ R & D expenditure —— Capitalized expenditure “ into “ Intangible assets ”

 

 

 

 

3、 ... and 、 Subsequent measurement of intangible assets

（1）、 Intangible assets Limited service life ： Amortization , And the service life 、 Amortization period 、 Amortization method 、 Residual value belongs to accounting estimation . When Impairment test is required when there are signs of impairment .

（2）、 Intangible assets Uncertain service life ： No amortization . but An impairment test is required for each accounting period .

（3）、 Trademark right Usually amortized to Management cost

 

notes ：  Changes in accounting estimates ： Future use （ Affect the future ）

          Changes in accounting policies ： Retroactive adjustment method （ Influence the past ）

 

answer ：ABD. Intangible assets are non current assets , and A The account of intangible assets held for sale in is Assets held for sale , It belongs to current assets ; Intangible assets with uncertain service life are not amortized , It does not belong to intangible assets when it has not reached its intended purpose , Therefore, it is not amortized .

 

 

Four 、 Disposal of intangible assets

1、 sell

     The sale of intangible assets does not need to be included in the liquidation account , The sale of fixed assets needs to be included in “ Liquidation of fixed assets ” subject .

1. direct sales

borrow ： Bank deposits

        Accumulated amortization

        Provision for impairment of intangible assets

         loan ： Intangible assets

                Taxes payable —— VAT payable （ Output tax ）

                Gains and losses on disposal of assets                                            【 Difference , Or in the debit 】

 

（2）   According to the non current assets held for sale 、 Accounting treatment according to relevant regulations of the disposal group

2、 lease

borrow ： Bank deposits

         loan ： Other business income

                  Taxes payable —— VAT payable （ Output tax ）

 

borrow ： Other business costs                       （ Limited service life , To be amortized ）

         loan ： Accumulated amortization

 

3、 Scrap

borrow ： Non operating expenses

        Accumulated amortization

        Provision for impairment of intangible assets

        loan ： Intangible assets

   

 

answer ：ACD.C The amortization of management intangible assets with limited service life is included in the management expenses , Affect operating profit ;D The impairment loss of intangible assets is not included in the impairment loss of intangible assets , Affect operating profit （ Income statement I/S）.

answer ：ACD.