Neuropathic pain classification picture Daquan, neuropathic pain classification

What are neurological diseases?？

Nervous system disorders can result in dysfunction of the part innervated by the involved neuropathy,Diseases of other systems can also affect the function of the nervous system.

The following varies according to the site of injury and the pathogenesis,The classification is as follows：Central Nervous System Infectious Diseases Viral Infectious Diseases（herpes simplex encephalitis、viral meningitis等）、细菌感染性疾病（化脓性脑膜炎、结核性脑膜炎等）、Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis、autoimmune encephalitis、Prion disease、spirochete infectious disease（neurosyphilis、Neurological Lyme disease, etc.）、Brain parasitic disease（Cerebral cysticercosis、Cerebral schistosomiasis等）等.

Central nervous system demyelinating disorders including multiple sclerosis、视神经脊髓炎、acute disseminated encephalomyelitis、central pontine myelinolysis, etc..

Peripheral nerve disease cranial nerve diseases（三叉神经痛、idiopathic facial nerve palsy、Multiple cranial nerve damage, etc.）、spinal nerve disease（多发性神经病、格林-Barre syndrome等）.

Degenerative diseases of the nervous system including motor neuron disease、阿尔茨海默病、额颞叶痴呆、路易体痴呆等.Autonomic nervous system disorders including Raynaud's disease、Erythema acrodynia、Facial Atrophy, etc..

神经-Muscle junctions and muscle disorders including myasthenia gravis、Periodic paralysis、Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis、myotonic myopathy、Mitochondrial myopathy and mitochondrial encephalomyopathy等.

Inherited disorders of the nervous system including inherited ataxias、Hereditary spastic paraplegia、Peroneal Muscular Dystrophy、neurocutaneous syndrome, etc..Neurodevelopmental disorders including craniocervical malformations、脑性瘫痪、congenital hydrocephalus等.

Nervous system tumors including central nervous system tumors、peripheral nervous system tumor、metastatic tumors, etc..Cerebrovascular disease including transient ischemic attack、脑梗死、脑出血、蛛网膜下腔出血、Intracranial sinus and venous thrombosis、hereditary cerebrovascular disease等.

Movement disorders including Parkinson's disease、肝豆状核变性、Chorea, etc..spinal cord disease acute myelitis、脊髓压迫症、Spinal arachnoiditis、脊髓空洞症、Spinal cord vascular disease、Radiation myelopathy, etc..

Other types of neurological disorders including migraines、丛集性头痛neurovascular disease,and tension-type headache、medication overuse headache、低颅压性头痛等.What are the types of neuropathic pain that patients ask the most frequently asked questions?？

Answer Neuropathic pain can be divided into peripheral and central neuropathic pain,The former common types including trigeminal neuralgia、舌咽神经痛、iatrogenic neuralgia、painful diabetic neuropathy、幻肢痛、postherpetic neuralgia、创伤posterior neuralgia etc.,The latter includes strokepain after、多发性硬化associated pain、帕金森病associated pain、post-traumatic spinal cord injurySexual pain, etc..

Can optic neuropathy recover?？AnswerOptic neuropathy is more complex,If early aggressive treatment,Most patients recover,If it has developed into an advanced stage and caused optic atrophy,less likely to recover.Recommend an ophthalmologist.

How long can you live with diabetic peripheral neuropathy?Answer Diabetic peripheral neuropathyPatient survival time and disease severity、patient's constitution、Primary disease control and other factors.

一般情况下,High medication compliance,血糖Smooth control,Aggressive treatment early in the disease,Basically does not affect the patient's quality of life and longevity.If there are other serious diseases at the same time,clinical evaluation is required on a case-by-case basis,不能一概而论.

下一节：The cause of the resources[1]刘春红,Wang Zhengping,张宁,Sun Wenying,Zhang Fengzhi,江波.Ketogenic diet in the clinical application of nervous system diseases[J].中国食物与营养,2021,27(07):67-72.[2]Jiang Wenxia,张忠.National Higher Medical Education Curriculum Innovation“十三五”Planning Textbook Pathology[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2020(07):284-285.Expand all The above content is edited and reviewed by Chief Physician Wang Shaoli,For medical knowledge science use only,Not a substitute for professional medical advice,Please follow the doctor's advice for specific decisions首页反馈分享.

Spinal Innervation Diagram

spinal nerves connected to spinal cord,共31对：cervical nerve8对：胸神经12对：lumbar nerve5对：sacral nerve5对：tail nerve1对A8U神经网络.

The role of each vertebra in the cervical spine1　眩晕、偏头痛、失眠、嗜睡、头昏沉、cervical hypertension、脑供血不足、Shaking the cervical spine2　眩晕、头痛、失眠、嗜睡、眼干涩、斜视、耳鸣、心动过速、腮腺炎、allergic rhinitis cervical spine3　眩晕、头昏沉、偏头痛、颈肩综合征、神经痛、粉刺、痘疹、湿疹、牙痛、Can't open the neck4　头昏、恶心、呃逆、numb hands、肩周炎、落枕、鼻塞、toothache cervical spine5　胸痛、心跳过缓、恶心、呃逆、颈、肩、palm pain、口臭、Huoqi big cervical vertebra6　血压波动、肩部疼痛、肩、numbness of thumb and finger、扁桃体肿大、肩膀痛、Lateral upper extremity numbness cervical spine7　气短胸闷、第四、Pain in five fingers、root of neck、shoulder pain、咽喉痛、shoulder hardening、Cold upper back inside of the hemp thoracic spinal pain1　气短、气急、elbow pain、凉、early blog、Weak hands、Pain in back of upper arm thoracic spine2　shortness of breath chest pain、心律失常、冠心病（心绞痛）、shoulder hardening、Pain in back of upper arm thoracic spine3　肺部、Bronchial symptoms、prone to cold thoracic spine4　chest and back pain、胸闷、冠心病（心绞痛）、长叹气、胸椎5　口苦、低血压、胃痉挛、epilepsy thoracic spine6　胃痛、消化不良、stomach cramps thoracic spine7　stomach ulcer symptoms、消化不良、胃下垂、bad breath thoracic spine8　免疫功能低下、Hepatobiliary disease、Diabetic thoracic spine9　肾功能障碍、cloudy urine、poor urination、allergy certificate、cold body、epilepsy thoracic spine10　肾功能障碍、Sexual dysfunction thoracic spine11　肾功能障碍、urethropathy、skin disease thoracic spine12　lower abdominal pain、fatigue syndrome、不孕症、rheumatism、Itchy lumbar spine on the surface of genital organs1　Colon dysfunction、便秘、腹泻、腰痛、lower abdominal pain lumbar spine2　下腹痛、腰酸痛、Hyposexual lumbar spine3　膀胱、尿少、腰、Inner knee pain and weakness lumbar spine4　腰痛、坐骨神经痛、排尿困难、Frequent or oliguria、Leg pain radiating to the outside of the calf、hemorrhoids lumbar spine5　Poor circulation in the legs、Weakness of lower limbs, fear of cold、Pain and numbness in the lower back and legs to the posterolateral side of the calf, irregular menstruation, sacral lumbosacral joint disease、Foot pain and numbness、膀胱病、prostatitis coccyx pain.

Human suffering is divided into ten grades,Which ten？

.

第1级：mosquito bites2级：Surgery after anesthesia3级：Lovers flirting with the friendly4级：Parents hate the beaten and scolded5级：slap,leave a red paw print6级：Gastroenteritis caused by inattentive diet,Stomach first7级：hit with a stick,leave a black and purple mark8级：Massive hemorrhagic trauma caused by various means9级：皮肉之苦,老虎凳、Bamboo stick、Red soldering iron and other top ten tortures in the Qing Dynasty10级：Caused by physical disabilities,If you are injured in battle, your finger is blown off11级：Visceral pain,It is said that the Soviet agents invented the method of a kind of torture,twist the towel into a spiral,to be swallowed,The towel to the stomach and the stomach wall together12级：The mother's sensory development data during childbirth is the lightest, like a mosquito bite, which should be considered a numerical grading method.1级,And the landlord said that the bullet or the knife should be regarded as international law according to the different parts of the injury.：III度或者Ⅳ度.

一、digital grading(NRS)：For digital grading0-10represent varying degrees of pain,0For painless,10for excruciating pain.

The pain rating scale is：0：无痛;1-3：轻度疼痛;4-6：中度疼痛;7-10：severe pain II、Grading method according to the degree of the complained pain(VRS法)0级：无疼痛.I级(轻度)：Painful but bearable,normal life,Sleep without interruption.

Ⅱ级(中度)：疼痛明显,不能忍受,Ask for pain medication,Sleep disturbance.Ⅲ级(重度)：severe pain,不能忍受,Pain medication required,Severely disturbed sleep may be associated with autonomic disturbances or passive body position.

三、visual simulation(VAS划线法)无痛/Draw a long line between sharp pains(一般长为100mm),Not marked online、Numbers or words,so as not to affect the evaluation results.

One end represents painless,The other end represents severe pain,Ask the patient to draw a cross on the line where they best reflect their pain level.四、The intensity of pain scoreWong-BakerFace to infants or unable to communicate the patient pain assessment in the aforementioned methods may be more difficult.

Assessed by scoring of pictures with different facial expressions：无痛、有点痛、a little pain、更痛、很痛、最痛.

Sciatica location map

Pain in the hip、back of thigh、Posterior lateral calf and foot.

Pain is persistent,paroxysmal exacerbation,Sometimes cauterized or knife-cut,Worsening at night and after activity,咳嗽、Pain does not worsen when sneezing and other movements（一）Diet Therapy Chicken Stew with Mushrooms：a little rooster,砌块,simmered with mushrooms,less salt,make the soup lighter,Quote while it's hot.

大骨汤：Put the bones with hot water first copy it again,Then put it in a pressure cooker,Add ginger before stewing（切成片）,You can add other seasonings according to your own taste,To cook stew when add a little salt. Serve.

waist porridge：one pork loin,切片,some chestnuts,Boil in millet porridge,Quote while it's hot.（二）exercise method1.吊杆：Looking for a horizontal bar,hand holding horizontal bar,Let the body sag freely,stretches the spine,Helps relieve lower back pain,And has a certain role in correcting posture.

2.Tippy toes on book：stack of books on the floor,Then stand on your toes on the book,The place where the heel hangs,One workout until you can't stand it（The first attempt at exercising can reduce the time spent exercising,循序渐进的来）.

3.leg raise：伸直双腿,仰卧在床上,Slowly lift your leg up（Legs stay straight）,When you feel pain in your lower back and legs, you still have to hold on for a while,再休息.

4.leg press：This is not to say that you have to press your legs like a martial artist.,简单一点,坐在床上,back against the wall,两腿伸直,Then reach for your heels with your hands.

需要注意的是,Sciatica is not scary,Just take good care of your body,Cooperate with medical treatment and appropriate exercise,effective pain relief,But for patients with serious illness,Sciatica heal not hasty,It is recommended that you go to the Xuzhou Hatcher System for evaluation and inspection.,reposition the dislocated bone,Release the compressed sciatic nerve root,When the blood is smooth, the pain will disappear naturally,The disease will be cured.

Finally remind also should pay attention to the nursing methods of the waist,avoid affecting your health.

注意事项1.Can't sleep on soft bed during exacerbation：The doctor's recommendation is to sleep on a hard bed,This helps the spine return to correct posture,Relief of sciatica caused by compressed nerves in the spine.

2.不能穿高跟鞋：Sciatica sufferers should wear negative heels,Just as its name implies is heel lower than on tiptoe.This is also a way to correct the posture of the spine.3.Heavy objects cannot be lifted：Don't overuse your lower back muscles,This increases the incidence of neuritis.

If you have to lift heavy objects,Refer to the action in the figure below,Straighten your waist first,Reuse your leg strength to lift heavy objects.4.要适当运动：Don't be bedridden with pain,It's not good for the body to recover,may even cause muscle atrophy,反而会加重病情.

So proper exercise is good,But no strenuous exercise.5.Keep your waist warm：The waist should not catch cold, otherwise it will cause inflammation of the lumbar nerves,exacerbate lower back pain.There are some belts on the market that can be heated,That is designed for patients with sciatic nerve,你可以尝试一下.

What are the common pain areas of trigeminal neuralgia

疼痛：Often confined to the distribution area of ​​the trigeminal god, it is manifested as a severe electric shock-like appearance on the cheeks, maxilla, and tongue.、acupuncture、Knife-like or tearing pain,For several seconds or1～2分钟,sudden stop,The interval is completely normal.

patient's mouth、鼻翼、The cheeks or tongue are sensitive areas,light touch triggers,called trigger point or trigger point.The course of the disease is cyclical,Onset can take several days、weeks or months,Remission period as usual.

With the progression of the disease,The number of seizures increases gradually,prolonged attack time,shortened interval,even persistent,rarely heals.Trigeminal Neuralgia Area Diagram Trigeminal Neuralgia,Pain generally does not extend beyond the distribution of the trigeminal nerve.希望对你有所帮助,The following is a detailed introduction to trigeminal neuralgia.

三叉神经痛（painful convulsions）One is a common neurological disease,It is mainly manifested by sudden and severe pain without symptoms in the distribution area of ​​the facial trigeminal nerve,pain in the jaw、牙齿、牙龈、Around lips etc.,Frequent disease and after middle age,Slightly more women than men,Common unilateral and bilateral,Right and left,Ⅱ、Ⅲcommon,单纯ⅠPain is rare;Clinical usually required with toothache、副鼻窦炎、偏头痛、Glossopharyngeal neuralgia isophase identification.

There are many causes of trigeminal neuralgia,但具体原因尚不清楚.分类1、Primary trigeminal neuralgia of unknown cause,May be related to nerve compression or abnormal discharge.

2、Secondary trigeminal neuralgia pain for sustainability,Concomitant facial hypoesthesia on the affected side、corneal reflex, etc.,Often combined with other symptoms of cranial nerve damage,common in multiple sclerosis、Syringomyelia、Primary or metastatic skull base tumors, etc..

The etiology of primary trigeminal neuralgia etiology is not yet fully understood,There are two theories that speculate on the pathogenesis depending on the part and cause of the lesion,Peripheral Theory and Central Theory.

Secondary trigeminal neuralgia is caused by organic lesions inside and outside the brain,such as tumors in the adjacent cerebellopontine angle、炎症、外伤、Vascular malformation compression, etc..

主要病因1、The peripheral theory of primary trigeminal neuralgia holds that the lesion is located between the semilunar ganglia and the pons,is caused by compression due to a variety of reasons.The central theory considers trigeminal neuralgia to be a sensory epileptiform seizure,Abnormal discharge may be located in the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve or in the brainstem.

2、Secondary trigeminal neuralgia such as tumors in the cerebellopontine angle、Skull base nasopharyngeal carcinoma、炎症、外伤、Vascular malformation compresses the trigeminal nerve,can also cause trigeminal neuralgia.

Typical symptoms of pain：Often confined to the distribution area of ​​the trigeminal god, it is manifested as a severe electric shock-like appearance on the cheeks, maxilla, and tongue.、acupuncture、Knife-like or tearing pain,For several seconds or1～2分钟,sudden stop,The interval is completely normal.

patient's mouth、鼻翼、The cheeks or tongue are sensitive areas,light touch triggers,called trigger point or trigger point.The course of the disease is cyclical,Onset can take several days、weeks or months,Remission period as usual.

With the progression of the disease,The number of seizures increases gradually,prolonged attack time,shortened interval,even persistent,rarely heals.Patients with other symptoms mainly do not dare to wash their face due to fear of pain、刷牙、进食,面部、口腔卫生差、面色憔悴、情绪低落.

In severe cases, facial muscle reflex twitching may occur due to pain,The corner of the mouth is drawn to the affected side,Painful convulsions.Trigeminal neuralgia with frequent complications,Ipsilateral hemifacial spasm can be complicated.引用《三叉神经痛》

被称作“天下第一痛”what is the trigeminal neuralgia？how painful it is？

Trigeminal neuralgia is clinically known as the first pain in the world,The pain is unbearable.shock-like、刀割样、needle stick、burning pain,It is difficult for such patients to talk in outpatient clinics、Exchange medical history,Often told by family representatives,to avoid pain when speaking.

Avoid pain-inducing actions,如说话、洗脸、进食、咀嚼,even blowing,cause pain.Such patients dare not even wipe their face with a towel,Show the side cheek clean、Half of the cheek is covered with dirt.

Trigeminal neuralgia is three forks,The forehead above the eyes is the first fork,call the first,The second branch between the eyes and the upper lip.The lower lip goes up to the front of the ear,call the third,trigeminal neuralgia.

Features of trigeminal neuralgia：Touch the pain,afraid of brushing teeth、afraid to wash face、afraid to eat、afraid of wind,When the patient has this phenomenon,May be the trigeminal neuralgia.而且,Pain is knife-like in nature、acupuncture、电击样.

Each episode lasts only a few seconds,equivalent to100stick a needle in the face,recover like a normal person;Patients with trigeminal neuralgia experience severe pain in the face,sometimes electrocuted、Knife-like or tearing pain,疼痛十分剧烈.

For patients with trigeminal neuralgia,首先,to avoid triggers.其次,Should be to induce primary disease treatment of trigeminal neuralgia,包括控制血糖、Infection control etc..Trigeminal neuralgia is often confined to the trigeminal nerve1或2branch area,maxillary ramus、Mandibular branch is more common.

During the attack, it is manifested as a severe electric shock-like obvious on the cheeks, upper jaw, and tongue.、acupuncture、Knife-like or tearing pain,For several seconds or1～2分钟,sudden stop,The interval is completely normal.In severe cases, facial muscle reflex twitching may occur due to pain,Painful convulsions.

The course of the disease is cyclical,Onset for several days、weeks or months,Remission period as usual.With the progression of the disease,The number of seizures increases gradually,prolonged attack time,shortened interval,even persistent,rarely heals.

What are the symptoms of neuralgia？

（1）Pain occurs without warning,like a sudden lightning、brief but severe pain.Patients often describe cautery-like、acupuncture、Severe throbbing pain like a knife cut or tear.During the attack, the patient often presses the affected face with the palm or a towel or rubs the face vigorously in order to relieve the pain.

Constantly chewing during attacks,Severe cases are often accompanied by reflex twitching of facial muscles,Mouth pulled to one side,又称为“Painful convulsions”,Sometimes with facial redness、皮肤温度增高、eye conjunctival congestion、流泪、increased salivation、nasal congestion、流涕等症状,Some patients even roll on the bed.

（2）The duration of each attack can range from seconds to minutes and then stop abruptly,normal person during intermittent period,A few may still have a burning sensation;Usually nocturnal seizures are mild or stop,However, in severe cases, frequent attacks may occur overnight, unable to fall asleep or wake up painfully after sleeping..

（3）mostly progressive,Pain attacks become more frequent,It even happens once a few minutes and it doesn't stop all day long.（4）The course of the disease can be cyclical,Each episode can last for weeks or months,The remission period can vary from days to years.Attack cycles appear to be climate-related,More prone to disease in spring and winter.

It is very important for patients with trigeminal neuralgia to take care of themselves,Daily attention to the following issues：（1）生活、饮食要有规律,保证足够的睡眠和休息,避免过度劳累.（2）保持心情舒畅,Don't be impulsive、生气、抑郁寡欢.树立治疗疾病的信心,积极配合医生治疗.

（3）Participate in sports appropriately,锻炼身体,增强体质.（4）动作轻慢,As far as possible to avoid all inducing factors of pain,Such as washing a face,、刷牙等,Try to avoid irritating trigger points.Keep warm in cold weather,避免冷风直接刺激面部.

（5）eat softer foods,因咀嚼诱发疼痛的患者,则要进食流食,切不可吃油炸物、刺激性食物、Seafood products and hot food, etc..（6）坚持治疗,Don't stop,In order to effect a radical cure.

Intercostal Neuralgia Symptoms and Location of Pain?

Intercostals neuralgia refers to one or a few root intercostals nerve in constant pain.episodic exacerbation,Sometimes motivated by breathing movements,咳嗽、Pain that gets worse when you sneeze.When pain with radiation to the side of the shoulder or back,Sometimes a zonal distribution.

On examination, hyperesthesia in the corresponding skin area and tenderness on the corresponding rib margin may be found,On the back after the intercostal nerve exits the intervertebral foramen、thoracic lateral wall、The piercing of the front chest is particularly prominent.In some patients, the corresponding symptoms and signs of various primary lesions can be found.It is one of the elderly common causes of chest pain.

According to the etiology, intercostal neuralgia is usually divided into primary and secondary intercostal neuralgia..Primary intercostal neuralgia due to infectious or toxic causes is rare.

Most of them have thoracic nerve irritation due to lesions in adjacent organs and tissues、caused by oppression,如：胸膜炎、chronic lung inflammation、主动脉瘤、Degeneration of the thoracic spine、Thoracic tuberculosis、Thoracic spine injury、Thoracic spinal meningitis、Senile vertebral osteoarthritis and other diseases.

因此,Appear predominantly root intercostals neuralgia pathological morphology.Intercostal neuralgia is usually diagnosed based on symptoms,普通xPlain line radiographs are only useful for differential diagnosis.chest X-ray is necessary for secondary intercostal neuralgia、胸椎x线摄片、waist piercing, etc..

另外,需作b超、EKG to rule out liver and gallbladder、心血管、lung disease.临床表现：1、Pain as episodic tingling or burning along the course of an intercostal nerve,咳嗽、喷嚏、Pain that worsens when you take a deep breath,One-sided single branch is the most.

What are the characteristics of contusive neuralgia

症状一、Symptoms of sciatic neuropathy are more common in middle-aged and elderly men,With one more.起病急骤,First feel lower back pain and lower back stiffness.or weeks before the onset,while walking and exercising,Transient lower extremity pain.Gradually worsens and develops into severe pain.

The pain from the waist、hip or hip start,down the back of the thigh、腘窝、Lateral calf and dorsal spread,On the basis of persistent pain, there are bouts of burning or needle-like pain that intensify.The night is more serious.

二、分类1、primary sciatica pain caused by inflammation of the sciatic nerve,Mostly unilateral,Can often co-occur with fibritis.

primary sciatica(sciatic neuritis)The main causes of the disease are cold and dampness and tonsillitis、前列腺炎、牙龈炎、Sinus infections and other inflammatory lesions,Some concomitant myositis and fibromysitis.

2、secondary sciatica1)Radical sciatica pain often from the waist to the side of the buttocks、behind the thigh,腘窝、Radiation on the outside of the calf and foot,burning or knife-like pain,Pain that worsens with coughing and exertion,even more at night.

To avoid nerve stretch、受压,Often take special pain relief posture,Lying on the healthy side when sleeping,髋、knee flexion,Focus on the healthy side when standing,Scoliosis caused by time,Bend more to the healthy side,Sit into the hip and lean towards the uninjured side,to relieve nerve root compression.

Stretch the sciatic nerve can induce pain,or increased pain,如Kernig征阳性,straight leg raise test(Lasegue征)阳性.2)Dry sciatica pain often travels from the hip to the back of the thigh、Crus posterolateral and sufficient lateral radiation.行走、Pain that worsens with movement and traction on the sciatic nerve.

Tenderness below the hip point,Laseguepositive forKernigMultiple negative sign,The scoliosis bends more towards the affected side to reduce the traction on the sciatic nerve trunk.3)Plexus sciatica is relatively rare.Simultaneous low back and leg pain,Can radiate down the back of one lower extremity.

体检发现1.压痛点　There are tender points along the distribution area of ​​the sciatic nerve, such as the waist、Iliac point、臀点、Philip point、Ankle etc..2.坐骨神经　Involvement sign positive,如Kernig征、Laseque征、Bonnetpositive sign.

3.within the sciatic nerve,have varying degrees of exercise、感觉、Reflex and autonomic dysfunction.Weak dorsiflexion of the affected toe,Hypoalgesia on the outer skin of the calf,Loss of Achilles tendon reflex,Decreased hip muscle tone, etc..

三、The diagnostic criteria are based on the location of pain and the direction of radiation,factors that exacerbate pain,Pain relief posture,Traction pain and tenderness points such as diagnosis is not difficult but it is very important to determine the cause.

1、Lumbar disc patient often have longer-term waist TongShi repeatedly,or history of heavy physical labor,Often after a back injury or bend over labor acute onset.

In addition to the typical symptoms and signs of radicular sciatica,with psoas spasm,Restriction of lumbar spine mobility and loss of flexion,Intervertebral disc herniation of intervertebral disc can be significant tenderness and pain of radiation.XLine radiographs may have narrowing of the involved intervertebral space,CTexamination can confirm the diagnosis.

2、Slow onset of cauda equina tumors,逐渐加重.Often unilateral radicular sciatica,progressively develop bilateral.Pain that worsens significantly at night,progressive disease progression.and sphincter dysfunction and hypoesthesia in the sellar area.

Lumbar puncture with subarachnoid obstruction and significantly increased cerebrospinal fluid protein quantification,甚至出现Froin征(cerebrospinal fluid yellow、Freezes on its own),Spinal angiography or iodine waterMRIDiagnosable.

3、Lumbar spinal stenosis is more common in middle-aged men,Early often“间歇性跛行”,Lower extremity pain worsens after walking,But symptoms lessen or disappear after bending over to walk or rest.

When nerve roots or cauda equina are severely compressed,Also can appear on one or both sides sciatica symptoms and signs、progressive disease progression,Treatments such as bed rest or traction are ineffective.lumbosacral spineXline radiography orCTDiagnosable.

4、lumbosacral radiculitis due to infection、中毒、Nutritional metabolism disorder or strain,Cold and other factors.Usually abrupt onset,And the damage range is often beyond the sciatic nerve,Weakness of the entire lower extremity、疼痛、Mild muscle atrophy、Except for the Achilles tendon reflex,Knee tendon reflexes are also often diminished or absent.

另外,Lumbar tuberculosis should also be considered、Vertebral metastatic carcinoma, etc.

dry sciatica,Should pay attention to whether there is a history of cold or infection,and sacroiliac joints、髋关节、Lesions of the pelvis and buttocks,Removal of lumbosacral spine if necessaryXoff-line,sacroiliac jointX线摄片,Anal finger、Gynecological examination and pelvic organsBUltrasound to determine the cause.